{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2014:T7625P7MKOQE6V7VZ55CZWBHZ3","short_pith_number":"pith:T7625P7M","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1403.7391","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.stat-mech","submitted_at":"2014-03-28T14:34:16Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cond-mat.mes-hall"],"title_canon_sha256":"b45d6ea58832bac02facb53452c69242bed570b5736c97a8253b320c85f821fb","abstract_canon_sha256":"d50a292a9ad1c7878a25bda58aeb44369e19c206b47dee119dd4e31fc3c9fb6d"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"9ffdaebfec53a04f57f5cf7a2cd827cef417b2cba6bae7f68ca9d055e96b4b0d","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1403.7391","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1403.7391","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:45:04Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1403.7391v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:45:04Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1403.7391","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:45:04Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"T7625P7MKOQE","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"T7625P7MKOQE6V7V","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"T7625P7M","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:49Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2014:T7625P7MKOQE6V7VZ55CZWBHZ3","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1403.7391","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.stat-mech","submitted_at":"2014-03-28T14:34:16Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cond-mat.mes-hall"],"title_canon_sha256":"b45d6ea58832bac02facb53452c69242bed570b5736c97a8253b320c85f821fb","abstract_canon_sha256":"d50a292a9ad1c7878a25bda58aeb44369e19c206b47dee119dd4e31fc3c9fb6d"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"9ffdaebfec53a04f57f5cf7a2cd827cef417b2cba6bae7f68ca9d055e96b4b0d","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T02:45:04.251380Z","signature_b64":"AwuqgrcgFc15ohmFbJ57kH+IPSkjT/nZhy/QlTGrUDZIpYGry0ZE6ALLQdQ4B7LQkwl5tJRF/e1l3t9Vr++mDA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"9ffdaebfec53a04f57f5cf7a2cd827cef417b2cba6bae7f68ca9d055e96b4b0d","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T02:45:04.250857Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T02:45:04.250857Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1403.7391","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T02:45:04Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"HRjnIOhkkdJz/8vW3+MsppWT6yjgY5LIbxYLAaxeEeUpi34PxP8RyAM9yxbE8C72SBf+ro8VICBWOXEodnY+AQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-27T21:42:22.900234Z"},"content_sha256":"a561292b750cdb1b2538e33787305d69c85d1f91d92661a54b2071cf4efbc51f","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:a561292b750cdb1b2538e33787305d69c85d1f91d92661a54b2071cf4efbc51f"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2014:T7625P7MKOQE6V7VZ55CZWBHZ3","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Revisiting Feynman's ratchet with thermoelectric transport theory","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cond-mat.mes-hall"],"primary_cat":"cond-mat.stat-mech","authors_text":"C. Goupil, H. Ouerdane, Ph. Lecoeur, Y. Apertet","submitted_at":"2014-03-28T14:34:16Z","abstract_excerpt":"We show how the formalism used for thermoelectric transport may be adapted to Smoluchowski's seminal thought experiment also known as Feynman's ratchet and pawl system. Our analysis rests on the notion of useful flux, which for a thermoelectric system is the electrical current and for Feynman's ratchet is the effective jump frequency. Our approach yields original insight into the derivation and analysis of the system's properties. In particular we define an entropy per tooth in analogy with the entropy per carrier or Seebeck coefficient, and we derive the analogue to Kelvin's second relation f"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1403.7391","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T02:45:04Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"Y87XoHi9ky5kiUVOWl9HLQlSgGWYB+AM7HUZL04v2Wsp05DmnqEcUo/VikuUrEF0+1f0ZkPLNDvPwXBujYOoDQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-27T21:42:22.900875Z"},"content_sha256":"7690feb60be49ceef5dc84a91abc1d4d83714ab4e7d19bc002943634a7407a53","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:7690feb60be49ceef5dc84a91abc1d4d83714ab4e7d19bc002943634a7407a53"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/T7625P7MKOQE6V7VZ55CZWBHZ3/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/T7625P7MKOQE6V7VZ55CZWBHZ3/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/T7625P7MKOQE6V7VZ55CZWBHZ3/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-27T21:42:22Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/T7625P7MKOQE6V7VZ55CZWBHZ3","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/T7625P7MKOQE6V7VZ55CZWBHZ3/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/T7625P7MKOQE6V7VZ55CZWBHZ3/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/T7625P7MKOQE6V7VZ55CZWBHZ3/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2014:T7625P7MKOQE6V7VZ55CZWBHZ3","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"d50a292a9ad1c7878a25bda58aeb44369e19c206b47dee119dd4e31fc3c9fb6d","cross_cats_sorted":["cond-mat.mes-hall"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.stat-mech","submitted_at":"2014-03-28T14:34:16Z","title_canon_sha256":"b45d6ea58832bac02facb53452c69242bed570b5736c97a8253b320c85f821fb"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1403.7391","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1403.7391","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:45:04Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1403.7391v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:45:04Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1403.7391","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:45:04Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"T7625P7MKOQE","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"T7625P7MKOQE6V7V","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"T7625P7M","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:49Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:7690feb60be49ceef5dc84a91abc1d4d83714ab4e7d19bc002943634a7407a53","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:45:04Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We show how the formalism used for thermoelectric transport may be adapted to Smoluchowski's seminal thought experiment also known as Feynman's ratchet and pawl system. Our analysis rests on the notion of useful flux, which for a thermoelectric system is the electrical current and for Feynman's ratchet is the effective jump frequency. Our approach yields original insight into the derivation and analysis of the system's properties. In particular we define an entropy per tooth in analogy with the entropy per carrier or Seebeck coefficient, and we derive the analogue to Kelvin's second relation f","authors_text":"C. Goupil, H. Ouerdane, Ph. Lecoeur, Y. Apertet","cross_cats":["cond-mat.mes-hall"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.stat-mech","submitted_at":"2014-03-28T14:34:16Z","title":"Revisiting Feynman's ratchet with thermoelectric transport theory"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1403.7391","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:a561292b750cdb1b2538e33787305d69c85d1f91d92661a54b2071cf4efbc51f","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:45:04Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"d50a292a9ad1c7878a25bda58aeb44369e19c206b47dee119dd4e31fc3c9fb6d","cross_cats_sorted":["cond-mat.mes-hall"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.stat-mech","submitted_at":"2014-03-28T14:34:16Z","title_canon_sha256":"b45d6ea58832bac02facb53452c69242bed570b5736c97a8253b320c85f821fb"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1403.7391","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"9ffdaebfec53a04f57f5cf7a2cd827cef417b2cba6bae7f68ca9d055e96b4b0d","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"9ffdaebfec53a04f57f5cf7a2cd827cef417b2cba6bae7f68ca9d055e96b4b0d","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T02:45:04.250857Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T02:45:04.250857Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"AwuqgrcgFc15ohmFbJ57kH+IPSkjT/nZhy/QlTGrUDZIpYGry0ZE6ALLQdQ4B7LQkwl5tJRF/e1l3t9Vr++mDA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T02:45:04.251380Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1403.7391","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:a561292b750cdb1b2538e33787305d69c85d1f91d92661a54b2071cf4efbc51f","sha256:7690feb60be49ceef5dc84a91abc1d4d83714ab4e7d19bc002943634a7407a53"],"state_sha256":"4b2cb18cbbf50aacba1a5982782cc6fbf07d8916e44bfd6267f6d6738c2df069"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"IF7fHKLRQGT6bSoW9c61laxCSdXg7Lcfrwd4tDIcRtWa24JW5n6lsGD+SSaLYS8fyDhAXXCQ31O2SQgNz4lbDA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-27T21:42:22.904604Z","bundle_sha256":"656e2c2be5759fd9d027f4614ed77649272e948fb34ec5e52132d97ed527bb0e"}}