{"record_type":"pith_number_record","schema_url":"https://pith.science/schemas/pith-number/v1.json","pith_number":"pith:2019:T7XIPQHXAVEIB4YKZNMD534NRW","short_pith_number":"pith:T7XIPQHX","schema_version":"1.0","canonical_sha256":"9fee87c0f7054880f30acb583eef8d8d8688ce75055a7b62306d8ce56c7a8907","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1902.04188","version":1},"attestation_state":"computed","paper":{"title":"Dusty outflows in planetary atmospheres: Understanding \"super-puffs\" and transmission spectra of sub-Neptunes","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.EP","authors_text":"Fei Dai, Lile Wang","submitted_at":"2019-02-11T23:58:23Z","abstract_excerpt":"`Super-puffs' are planets with anomalously low mean densities ($\\lesssim 10^{-1}~{\\rm g\\ cm}^{-3}$). With a low surface gravity, the extended atmosphere is susceptible to extreme hydrodynamic mass loss (`boil off') on a timescale much shorter than the system's age. Even more puzzling, super-puffs are estimated to have a scale height of $\\sim 3000~{\\rm km}$, yet recent observations revealed completely flat transmission spectra for Kepler 51b and 51d. We investigate a new scenario that explains both observations: non-static outflowing ($\\dot{M}\\gtrsim 10^{-10}~M_\\oplus~{\\rm yr}^{-1}$) atmosphere"},"verification_status":{"content_addressed":true,"pith_receipt":true,"author_attested":false,"weak_author_claims":0,"strong_author_claims":0,"externally_anchored":false,"storage_verified":false,"citation_signatures":0,"replication_records":0,"graph_snapshot":true,"references_resolved":false,"formal_links_present":false},"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1902.04188","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.EP","submitted_at":"2019-02-11T23:58:23Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"e44344f1406370a949d38944b6ec3086a211c1836208f004fa00a6eecd482872","abstract_canon_sha256":"45ca36fea0ef647088a097ea1028bf07256ed9181742ab69e37416169edaed03"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-17T23:52:01.198823Z","signature_b64":"UDoK9u+rfgXtyteIaAhhnv3ME+SQ+R4+HPtZcwFAmdMe25ZaD1KS0zWYlxmQWGJ7e1qCfroi0v2x6skB0qJpBQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"9fee87c0f7054880f30acb583eef8d8d8688ce75055a7b62306d8ce56c7a8907","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-17T23:52:01.198300Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-17T23:52:01.198300Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Dusty outflows in planetary atmospheres: Understanding \"super-puffs\" and transmission spectra of sub-Neptunes","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.EP","authors_text":"Fei Dai, Lile Wang","submitted_at":"2019-02-11T23:58:23Z","abstract_excerpt":"`Super-puffs' are planets with anomalously low mean densities ($\\lesssim 10^{-1}~{\\rm g\\ cm}^{-3}$). With a low surface gravity, the extended atmosphere is susceptible to extreme hydrodynamic mass loss (`boil off') on a timescale much shorter than the system's age. Even more puzzling, super-puffs are estimated to have a scale height of $\\sim 3000~{\\rm km}$, yet recent observations revealed completely flat transmission spectra for Kepler 51b and 51d. We investigate a new scenario that explains both observations: non-static outflowing ($\\dot{M}\\gtrsim 10^{-10}~M_\\oplus~{\\rm yr}^{-1}$) atmosphere"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1902.04188","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1902.04188","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:52:01.198390+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1902.04188v1","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:52:01.198390+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1902.04188","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:52:01.198390+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"T7XIPQHXAVEI","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:27.125529+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"T7XIPQHXAVEIB4YK","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:27.125529+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"T7XIPQHX","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:27.125529+00:00"}],"events":[],"event_summary":{},"paper_claims":[],"inbound_citations":{"count":0,"internal_anchor_count":0,"sample":[]},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"sample":[],"anchors":[]},"links":{"html":"https://pith.science/pith/T7XIPQHXAVEIB4YKZNMD534NRW","json":"https://pith.science/pith/T7XIPQHXAVEIB4YKZNMD534NRW.json","graph_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/T7XIPQHXAVEIB4YKZNMD534NRW/graph.json","events_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/T7XIPQHXAVEIB4YKZNMD534NRW/events.json","paper":"https://pith.science/paper/T7XIPQHX"},"agent_actions":{"view_html":"https://pith.science/pith/T7XIPQHXAVEIB4YKZNMD534NRW","download_json":"https://pith.science/pith/T7XIPQHXAVEIB4YKZNMD534NRW.json","view_paper":"https://pith.science/paper/T7XIPQHX","resolve_alias":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/resolve?arxiv=1902.04188&json=true","fetch_graph":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/T7XIPQHXAVEIB4YKZNMD534NRW/graph.json","fetch_events":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/T7XIPQHXAVEIB4YKZNMD534NRW/events.json","actions":{"anchor_timestamp":"https://pith.science/pith/T7XIPQHXAVEIB4YKZNMD534NRW/action/timestamp_anchor","attest_storage":"https://pith.science/pith/T7XIPQHXAVEIB4YKZNMD534NRW/action/storage_attestation","attest_author":"https://pith.science/pith/T7XIPQHXAVEIB4YKZNMD534NRW/action/author_attestation","sign_citation":"https://pith.science/pith/T7XIPQHXAVEIB4YKZNMD534NRW/action/citation_signature","submit_replication":"https://pith.science/pith/T7XIPQHXAVEIB4YKZNMD534NRW/action/replication_record"}},"created_at":"2026-05-17T23:52:01.198390+00:00","updated_at":"2026-05-17T23:52:01.198390+00:00"}