{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2019:T7XIPQHXAVEIB4YKZNMD534NRW","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"45ca36fea0ef647088a097ea1028bf07256ed9181742ab69e37416169edaed03","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.EP","submitted_at":"2019-02-11T23:58:23Z","title_canon_sha256":"e44344f1406370a949d38944b6ec3086a211c1836208f004fa00a6eecd482872"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1902.04188","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1902.04188","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:52:01Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1902.04188v1","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:52:01Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1902.04188","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:52:01Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"T7XIPQHXAVEI","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:27Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"T7XIPQHXAVEIB4YK","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:27Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"T7XIPQHX","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:27Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:9aab74dba4ed651e3480727c1f4a2d999b498d5ee1744b43ce255b892ac75257","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:52:01Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"`Super-puffs' are planets with anomalously low mean densities ($\\lesssim 10^{-1}~{\\rm g\\ cm}^{-3}$). With a low surface gravity, the extended atmosphere is susceptible to extreme hydrodynamic mass loss (`boil off') on a timescale much shorter than the system's age. Even more puzzling, super-puffs are estimated to have a scale height of $\\sim 3000~{\\rm km}$, yet recent observations revealed completely flat transmission spectra for Kepler 51b and 51d. We investigate a new scenario that explains both observations: non-static outflowing ($\\dot{M}\\gtrsim 10^{-10}~M_\\oplus~{\\rm yr}^{-1}$) atmosphere","authors_text":"Fei Dai, Lile Wang","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.EP","submitted_at":"2019-02-11T23:58:23Z","title":"Dusty outflows in planetary atmospheres: Understanding \"super-puffs\" and transmission spectra of sub-Neptunes"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1902.04188","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:b58a434e6b0b2ed32ce8fc879239e3a2761ea6315c69b99898349409d0392501","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:52:01Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"45ca36fea0ef647088a097ea1028bf07256ed9181742ab69e37416169edaed03","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.EP","submitted_at":"2019-02-11T23:58:23Z","title_canon_sha256":"e44344f1406370a949d38944b6ec3086a211c1836208f004fa00a6eecd482872"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1902.04188","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"9fee87c0f7054880f30acb583eef8d8d8688ce75055a7b62306d8ce56c7a8907","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"9fee87c0f7054880f30acb583eef8d8d8688ce75055a7b62306d8ce56c7a8907","first_computed_at":"2026-05-17T23:52:01.198300Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-17T23:52:01.198300Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"UDoK9u+rfgXtyteIaAhhnv3ME+SQ+R4+HPtZcwFAmdMe25ZaD1KS0zWYlxmQWGJ7e1qCfroi0v2x6skB0qJpBQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-17T23:52:01.198823Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1902.04188","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:b58a434e6b0b2ed32ce8fc879239e3a2761ea6315c69b99898349409d0392501","sha256:9aab74dba4ed651e3480727c1f4a2d999b498d5ee1744b43ce255b892ac75257"],"state_sha256":"d8dfe2f0442ed955d5f265d7ef8cc59102d2d67955ea494f9414cf0418c7c6c7"}