{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2022:TAHIWCBTR6KMCNHRTVIPMUROKK","short_pith_number":"pith:TAHIWCBT","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2202.04699","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.optics","submitted_at":"2022-02-09T19:48:38Z","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.app-ph"],"title_canon_sha256":"e0c23224ef97ae5c9bd5a091b3a5cf51559bacbbe205e66f35f1857cf84d1869","abstract_canon_sha256":"95da057b8b51ef654eeb78ff0ccaa7f8b5eb749fd49267be3e93871006b69a34"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"980e8b08338f94c134f19d50f6522e52b5eafafa3c37b7dc97aadadbd57a99e2","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2202.04699","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2202.04699","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:55:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2202.04699v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:55:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2202.04699","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:55:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"TAHIWCBTR6KM","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:55:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"TAHIWCBTR6KMCNHR","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:55:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"TAHIWCBT","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:55:40Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2022:TAHIWCBTR6KMCNHRTVIPMUROKK","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2202.04699","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.optics","submitted_at":"2022-02-09T19:48:38Z","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.app-ph"],"title_canon_sha256":"e0c23224ef97ae5c9bd5a091b3a5cf51559bacbbe205e66f35f1857cf84d1869","abstract_canon_sha256":"95da057b8b51ef654eeb78ff0ccaa7f8b5eb749fd49267be3e93871006b69a34"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"980e8b08338f94c134f19d50f6522e52b5eafafa3c37b7dc97aadadbd57a99e2","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T03:55:40.345283Z","signature_b64":"0M+jXY/jovcO2aPUgNQtHdrSpyL/SA3eWvG9cRtNBowxniR/wgpLL2TVzbjmp8a0vp34j98QlWf35bqo5bVMBQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"980e8b08338f94c134f19d50f6522e52b5eafafa3c37b7dc97aadadbd57a99e2","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T03:55:40.344834Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T03:55:40.344834Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2202.04699","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T03:55:40Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"Vki3H+C742pC3adFyOip86K4hc7Vq8FlCgnmW8dzIV6JSMLU3bDurpOY0IwUVqPYbS7qU9e1+OAOP4+nUM6fBQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-06T14:43:33.006153Z"},"content_sha256":"3c2f258b8e2522b11d9511c718f96d641c1c08c4a8b24fcb40df586c50ac0b65","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:3c2f258b8e2522b11d9511c718f96d641c1c08c4a8b24fcb40df586c50ac0b65"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2022:TAHIWCBTR6KMCNHRTVIPMUROKK","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Low energy switching of phase change materials using a 2D thermal boundary layer","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["physics.app-ph"],"primary_cat":"physics.optics","authors_text":"Chung-Che Huang, Daniel W. Hewak, Ioannis Zeimpekis, Jing Ning, Katrina Morgan, Michel Bosman, Robert E. Simpson, Siew Lang Teo, Ting Yu Teo, Yunzheng Wang","submitted_at":"2022-02-09T19:48:38Z","abstract_excerpt":"The switchable optical and electrical properties of phase change materials (PCMs) are finding new applications beyond data storage in reconfigurable photonic devices. However, high power heat pulses are needed to melt-quench the material from crystalline to amorphous. This is especially true in silicon photonics, where the high thermal conductivity of the waveguide material makes heating the PCM energy inefficient. Here, we improve the energy efficiency of the laser-induced phase transitions by inserting a layer of two-dimensional (2D) material, either MoS2 or WS2, between the silica or silico"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2202.04699","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2202.04699/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T03:55:40Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"Evxa5VEE0cv2b/71ODwytxRAU79sCOf96fcuX9XK6z8tFNIaXVRxbqXy7WtQUgGDNS8qsHPOMNG3GeOFVKC2BQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-06T14:43:33.007098Z"},"content_sha256":"169f81fceb790862351769e2072e38677b0832ced5ccab692f750efe1775c227","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:169f81fceb790862351769e2072e38677b0832ced5ccab692f750efe1775c227"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/TAHIWCBTR6KMCNHRTVIPMUROKK/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/TAHIWCBTR6KMCNHRTVIPMUROKK/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/TAHIWCBTR6KMCNHRTVIPMUROKK/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-06T14:43:33Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/TAHIWCBTR6KMCNHRTVIPMUROKK","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/TAHIWCBTR6KMCNHRTVIPMUROKK/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/TAHIWCBTR6KMCNHRTVIPMUROKK/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/TAHIWCBTR6KMCNHRTVIPMUROKK/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2022:TAHIWCBTR6KMCNHRTVIPMUROKK","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"95da057b8b51ef654eeb78ff0ccaa7f8b5eb749fd49267be3e93871006b69a34","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.app-ph"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.optics","submitted_at":"2022-02-09T19:48:38Z","title_canon_sha256":"e0c23224ef97ae5c9bd5a091b3a5cf51559bacbbe205e66f35f1857cf84d1869"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2202.04699","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2202.04699","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:55:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2202.04699v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:55:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2202.04699","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:55:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"TAHIWCBTR6KM","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:55:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"TAHIWCBTR6KMCNHR","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:55:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"TAHIWCBT","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:55:40Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:169f81fceb790862351769e2072e38677b0832ced5ccab692f750efe1775c227","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:55:40Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2202.04699/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"The switchable optical and electrical properties of phase change materials (PCMs) are finding new applications beyond data storage in reconfigurable photonic devices. However, high power heat pulses are needed to melt-quench the material from crystalline to amorphous. This is especially true in silicon photonics, where the high thermal conductivity of the waveguide material makes heating the PCM energy inefficient. Here, we improve the energy efficiency of the laser-induced phase transitions by inserting a layer of two-dimensional (2D) material, either MoS2 or WS2, between the silica or silico","authors_text":"Chung-Che Huang, Daniel W. Hewak, Ioannis Zeimpekis, Jing Ning, Katrina Morgan, Michel Bosman, Robert E. Simpson, Siew Lang Teo, Ting Yu Teo, Yunzheng Wang","cross_cats":["physics.app-ph"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.optics","submitted_at":"2022-02-09T19:48:38Z","title":"Low energy switching of phase change materials using a 2D thermal boundary layer"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2202.04699","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:3c2f258b8e2522b11d9511c718f96d641c1c08c4a8b24fcb40df586c50ac0b65","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:55:40Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"95da057b8b51ef654eeb78ff0ccaa7f8b5eb749fd49267be3e93871006b69a34","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.app-ph"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.optics","submitted_at":"2022-02-09T19:48:38Z","title_canon_sha256":"e0c23224ef97ae5c9bd5a091b3a5cf51559bacbbe205e66f35f1857cf84d1869"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2202.04699","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"980e8b08338f94c134f19d50f6522e52b5eafafa3c37b7dc97aadadbd57a99e2","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"980e8b08338f94c134f19d50f6522e52b5eafafa3c37b7dc97aadadbd57a99e2","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T03:55:40.344834Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T03:55:40.344834Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"0M+jXY/jovcO2aPUgNQtHdrSpyL/SA3eWvG9cRtNBowxniR/wgpLL2TVzbjmp8a0vp34j98QlWf35bqo5bVMBQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T03:55:40.345283Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2202.04699","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:3c2f258b8e2522b11d9511c718f96d641c1c08c4a8b24fcb40df586c50ac0b65","sha256:169f81fceb790862351769e2072e38677b0832ced5ccab692f750efe1775c227"],"state_sha256":"ba2f796647f3ba1169f463a4d91dd404cc33211c212dae4611e6308f8e88a2ff"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"xDosdOI5waDNd3oSyxb3Mz9RVMgFladTcmNcqaASRc6j8SXRkapDgC2gnLtpVZtOUD+kmutSxsFcaYUhYvUXAA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-06T14:43:33.028255Z","bundle_sha256":"7eb5266ea841cb9158139035d21c24780ba6efaea362ea6e8c9f39178ced085f"}}