{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2024:TASH4S75NTFXZGYHNDJIWLOV3G","short_pith_number":"pith:TASH4S75","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2409.00089","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2024-08-26T06:50:11Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI"],"title_canon_sha256":"e00769600e3b5b6dfb360dcca5da1b35d3ab80286fa40e9ee775640614358bab","abstract_canon_sha256":"eb2b44f3e6116e131fc16286222b30d148b0f68d1ad28b06418ba23ad1c1a8b1"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"98247e4bfd6ccb7c9b0768d28b2dd5d9af147a084eca819014a3feb089982908","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2409.00089","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2409.00089","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:01:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2409.00089v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:01:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2409.00089","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:01:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"TASH4S75NTFX","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:01:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"TASH4S75NTFXZGYH","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:01:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"TASH4S75","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:01:40Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2024:TASH4S75NTFXZGYHNDJIWLOV3G","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2409.00089","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2024-08-26T06:50:11Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI"],"title_canon_sha256":"e00769600e3b5b6dfb360dcca5da1b35d3ab80286fa40e9ee775640614358bab","abstract_canon_sha256":"eb2b44f3e6116e131fc16286222b30d148b0f68d1ad28b06418ba23ad1c1a8b1"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"98247e4bfd6ccb7c9b0768d28b2dd5d9af147a084eca819014a3feb089982908","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T09:01:40.743888Z","signature_b64":"hb19UVuVW5iZQxkTg3E0gf79NICHEVQzyGBBpN6GsR9vZoC39qcYE+JnLq9aUhZVfxAGv0mrgxRKZw7Mu+NWDQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"98247e4bfd6ccb7c9b0768d28b2dd5d9af147a084eca819014a3feb089982908","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T09:01:40.743344Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T09:01:40.743344Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2409.00089","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T09:01:40Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"fWMNh37GVxydzZ9q3CoyrrXLEttza/H8n+4GWOsKs29+J0CF88HlSRXJrv57yFsnkhoSHFAOj6PIYBdtsvPkBg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-04T10:51:12.400526Z"},"content_sha256":"004869a644e28a25c62f8115ac3bdda95798da2525a0706c35421d1a02b2600b","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:004869a644e28a25c62f8115ac3bdda95798da2525a0706c35421d1a02b2600b"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2024:TASH4S75NTFXZGYHNDJIWLOV3G","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Watermarking Techniques for Large Language Models: A Survey","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.AI"],"primary_cat":"cs.CR","authors_text":"Jiancheng Xiao, Philip S. Yu, Wensheng Gan, Yuqing Liang","submitted_at":"2024-08-26T06:50:11Z","abstract_excerpt":"With the rapid advancement and extensive application of artificial intelligence technology, large language models (LLMs) are extensively used to enhance production, creativity, learning, and work efficiency across various domains. However, the abuse of LLMs also poses potential harm to human society, such as intellectual property rights issues, academic misconduct, false content, and hallucinations. Relevant research has proposed the use of LLM watermarking to achieve IP protection for LLMs and traceability of multimedia data output by LLMs. To our knowledge, this is the first thorough review "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2409.00089","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2409.00089/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T09:01:40Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"4gt9JeOfhsc757PWaJZCD8+6CF0qrxAXluouykHHcF7kCSjgc3ZtOyEhMXpFqwPTEpNgBudJNNmSG+yyjHEWAg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-04T10:51:12.401091Z"},"content_sha256":"3cdd623e0275254e5de4aede7437b7d7b771871f42d71eeed20bcd29e7e22ac0","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:3cdd623e0275254e5de4aede7437b7d7b771871f42d71eeed20bcd29e7e22ac0"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/TASH4S75NTFXZGYHNDJIWLOV3G/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/TASH4S75NTFXZGYHNDJIWLOV3G/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/TASH4S75NTFXZGYHNDJIWLOV3G/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-04T10:51:12Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/TASH4S75NTFXZGYHNDJIWLOV3G","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/TASH4S75NTFXZGYHNDJIWLOV3G/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/TASH4S75NTFXZGYHNDJIWLOV3G/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/TASH4S75NTFXZGYHNDJIWLOV3G/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2024:TASH4S75NTFXZGYHNDJIWLOV3G","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"eb2b44f3e6116e131fc16286222b30d148b0f68d1ad28b06418ba23ad1c1a8b1","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2024-08-26T06:50:11Z","title_canon_sha256":"e00769600e3b5b6dfb360dcca5da1b35d3ab80286fa40e9ee775640614358bab"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2409.00089","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2409.00089","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:01:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2409.00089v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:01:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2409.00089","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:01:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"TASH4S75NTFX","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:01:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"TASH4S75NTFXZGYH","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:01:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"TASH4S75","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:01:40Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:3cdd623e0275254e5de4aede7437b7d7b771871f42d71eeed20bcd29e7e22ac0","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:01:40Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2409.00089/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"With the rapid advancement and extensive application of artificial intelligence technology, large language models (LLMs) are extensively used to enhance production, creativity, learning, and work efficiency across various domains. However, the abuse of LLMs also poses potential harm to human society, such as intellectual property rights issues, academic misconduct, false content, and hallucinations. Relevant research has proposed the use of LLM watermarking to achieve IP protection for LLMs and traceability of multimedia data output by LLMs. To our knowledge, this is the first thorough review ","authors_text":"Jiancheng Xiao, Philip S. Yu, Wensheng Gan, Yuqing Liang","cross_cats":["cs.AI"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2024-08-26T06:50:11Z","title":"Watermarking Techniques for Large Language Models: A Survey"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2409.00089","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:004869a644e28a25c62f8115ac3bdda95798da2525a0706c35421d1a02b2600b","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:01:40Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"eb2b44f3e6116e131fc16286222b30d148b0f68d1ad28b06418ba23ad1c1a8b1","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2024-08-26T06:50:11Z","title_canon_sha256":"e00769600e3b5b6dfb360dcca5da1b35d3ab80286fa40e9ee775640614358bab"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2409.00089","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"98247e4bfd6ccb7c9b0768d28b2dd5d9af147a084eca819014a3feb089982908","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"98247e4bfd6ccb7c9b0768d28b2dd5d9af147a084eca819014a3feb089982908","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T09:01:40.743344Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T09:01:40.743344Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"hb19UVuVW5iZQxkTg3E0gf79NICHEVQzyGBBpN6GsR9vZoC39qcYE+JnLq9aUhZVfxAGv0mrgxRKZw7Mu+NWDQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T09:01:40.743888Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2409.00089","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:004869a644e28a25c62f8115ac3bdda95798da2525a0706c35421d1a02b2600b","sha256:3cdd623e0275254e5de4aede7437b7d7b771871f42d71eeed20bcd29e7e22ac0"],"state_sha256":"c88dced0061944ffe2555f90f59663cc2fb17514edad7ef9df05041cb97e6307"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"Etb3yRn7URI8kzuAlHHRQi2yd137wqL/p0tBBvlCF65olPh2DC8lHbrGiZLF7SrOhc1KUBkf1F0Rj56K6e/TBQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-04T10:51:12.406263Z","bundle_sha256":"bf1adb3b8cfae919dfd093103769efa46da2ab4453061a9326cdd7704e9e10eb"}}