{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2014:TBI4XWVFK7OKJOH4NNOUQVYYZX","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"80f72e46bc291217ada821d46fedca1e328d3555e53e3d3895c4c5204b52a96c","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"math.HO","submitted_at":"2014-04-01T00:12:05Z","title_canon_sha256":"46473e40440ff58094c213b324d970cfc981525244fe31d380fcaa935bb3d6c0"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1404.0070","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1404.0070","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:55:05Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1404.0070v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:55:05Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1404.0070","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:55:05Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"TBI4XWVFK7OK","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"TBI4XWVFK7OKJOH4","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"TBI4XWVF","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:49Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:647433540311889ab2a4b4c4bb186381b541f286cfc1d95f1211691cc612f6d3","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:55:05Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"This paper introduces DD calculus and describes the basic calculus concepts of derivative and integral in a direct and non-traditional way, without limit definition: Derivative is computed from the point-slope equation of a tangent line and integral is defined as the height increment of a curve. This direct approach to calculus has three distinct features: (i) it defines derivative and (definite) integral without using limits, (ii) it defines derivative and antiderivative simultaneously via a derivative-antiderivative (DA) pair, and (iii) it posits the fundamental theorem of calculus as a natu","authors_text":"Qun Lin, Samuel S.P. Shen","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"math.HO","submitted_at":"2014-04-01T00:12:05Z","title":"DD Calculus"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1404.0070","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:bb492bdd44114df57b7c41c402cb2bc5a1bfe23be876ac08869bb5a942f43a27","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:55:05Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"80f72e46bc291217ada821d46fedca1e328d3555e53e3d3895c4c5204b52a96c","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"math.HO","submitted_at":"2014-04-01T00:12:05Z","title_canon_sha256":"46473e40440ff58094c213b324d970cfc981525244fe31d380fcaa935bb3d6c0"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1404.0070","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"9851cbdaa557dca4b8fc6b5d485718cdc3f72434fc0d68a851a3025dd9b432f4","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"9851cbdaa557dca4b8fc6b5d485718cdc3f72434fc0d68a851a3025dd9b432f4","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T02:55:05.260041Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T02:55:05.260041Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"NcKjrCAI5lzNG8Kt2+QmZcbWdZzmNa7hrWcg1H7gEonvtBeY7UXXdspyE6qOUStfYm7HNN2H4lfcxtkF/cGYDg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T02:55:05.260431Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1404.0070","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:bb492bdd44114df57b7c41c402cb2bc5a1bfe23be876ac08869bb5a942f43a27","sha256:647433540311889ab2a4b4c4bb186381b541f286cfc1d95f1211691cc612f6d3"],"state_sha256":"06409ff8301604dc47c6867b469889577a5195a94bea81383baee875d83ebb6e"}