{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2014:TCGHYAGV4SI7P4ZVNDMFA225ZS","short_pith_number":"pith:TCGHYAGV","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1403.5872","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","submitted_at":"2014-03-24T07:26:01Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"880a788c0353cc652b77316957bf3772b029b90625a555a31f2b142ea452ddd4","abstract_canon_sha256":"d54e2904fa60b5c6f6f1b855925cf3b4b9f7f534962c10ee5963633b684c6ee4"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"988c7c00d5e491f7f33568d8506b5dcc98ad5a074997afb443a763aea7a6ef8c","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1403.5872","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1403.5872","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:18:13Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1403.5872v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:18:13Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1403.5872","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:18:13Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"TCGHYAGV4SI7","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"TCGHYAGV4SI7P4ZV","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"TCGHYAGV","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:49Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2014:TCGHYAGV4SI7P4ZVNDMFA225ZS","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1403.5872","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","submitted_at":"2014-03-24T07:26:01Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"880a788c0353cc652b77316957bf3772b029b90625a555a31f2b142ea452ddd4","abstract_canon_sha256":"d54e2904fa60b5c6f6f1b855925cf3b4b9f7f534962c10ee5963633b684c6ee4"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"988c7c00d5e491f7f33568d8506b5dcc98ad5a074997afb443a763aea7a6ef8c","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T02:18:13.698449Z","signature_b64":"Ypot4jiOXpQRxTZu5uh3fqof90bRCsRxROJdowDgxXqTqLo3BXZ6aT+b4Q0nmH4VbIfCKNMPYuTRxZRDFGsqCg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"988c7c00d5e491f7f33568d8506b5dcc98ad5a074997afb443a763aea7a6ef8c","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T02:18:13.698051Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T02:18:13.698051Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1403.5872","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T02:18:13Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"qJD7pyl+npcrC/i8uhn9322Qv4/ufvJgSysR6hBE/lJTmp1ahX8tG8J6qgvwHIyuFIHHYAmg6JK/UN4BNKXJAA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-10T19:20:15.517016Z"},"content_sha256":"6066163a52e9c0ef3bc0cab95699d91c9b4fc5c6a004dadf565d988f38949a57","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:6066163a52e9c0ef3bc0cab95699d91c9b4fc5c6a004dadf565d988f38949a57"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2014:TCGHYAGV4SI7P4ZVNDMFA225ZS","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Dust formation in macronovae","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","authors_text":"Hajime Takami, Kunihito Ioka, Takaya Nozawa","submitted_at":"2014-03-24T07:26:01Z","abstract_excerpt":"We examine dust formation in macronovae (as known as kilonovae), which are the bright ejecta of neutron star binary mergers and one of the leading sites of r-process nucleosynthesis. We find that dust grains of r-process elements are difficult to form because of the low number density of the r-process atoms, while carbon or elements lighter than irons can condense into dust if they are abundant, in light of the first macronova candidate associated with GRB 130603B. Dust grains absorb emission from ejecta with opacity even greater than that of the r-process elements, and re-emit photons at infr"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1403.5872","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T02:18:13Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"s4FdzJvfSX4Idy84j8mk9/XKkNNK2+Nfa9mQyYdSoIgig/ZX0Sipf17TmiPoaR5iQfrc03mlZZUg7j4a7HGLBA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-10T19:20:15.517374Z"},"content_sha256":"ea2230df0d6114ea3becf7ba01afad6e284212f664dd96db97f2191aea92d8d7","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:ea2230df0d6114ea3becf7ba01afad6e284212f664dd96db97f2191aea92d8d7"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/TCGHYAGV4SI7P4ZVNDMFA225ZS/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/TCGHYAGV4SI7P4ZVNDMFA225ZS/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/TCGHYAGV4SI7P4ZVNDMFA225ZS/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-10T19:20:15Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/TCGHYAGV4SI7P4ZVNDMFA225ZS","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/TCGHYAGV4SI7P4ZVNDMFA225ZS/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/TCGHYAGV4SI7P4ZVNDMFA225ZS/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/TCGHYAGV4SI7P4ZVNDMFA225ZS/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2014:TCGHYAGV4SI7P4ZVNDMFA225ZS","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"d54e2904fa60b5c6f6f1b855925cf3b4b9f7f534962c10ee5963633b684c6ee4","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","submitted_at":"2014-03-24T07:26:01Z","title_canon_sha256":"880a788c0353cc652b77316957bf3772b029b90625a555a31f2b142ea452ddd4"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1403.5872","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1403.5872","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:18:13Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1403.5872v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:18:13Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1403.5872","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:18:13Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"TCGHYAGV4SI7","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"TCGHYAGV4SI7P4ZV","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"TCGHYAGV","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:49Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:ea2230df0d6114ea3becf7ba01afad6e284212f664dd96db97f2191aea92d8d7","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:18:13Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We examine dust formation in macronovae (as known as kilonovae), which are the bright ejecta of neutron star binary mergers and one of the leading sites of r-process nucleosynthesis. We find that dust grains of r-process elements are difficult to form because of the low number density of the r-process atoms, while carbon or elements lighter than irons can condense into dust if they are abundant, in light of the first macronova candidate associated with GRB 130603B. Dust grains absorb emission from ejecta with opacity even greater than that of the r-process elements, and re-emit photons at infr","authors_text":"Hajime Takami, Kunihito Ioka, Takaya Nozawa","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","submitted_at":"2014-03-24T07:26:01Z","title":"Dust formation in macronovae"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1403.5872","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:6066163a52e9c0ef3bc0cab95699d91c9b4fc5c6a004dadf565d988f38949a57","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:18:13Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"d54e2904fa60b5c6f6f1b855925cf3b4b9f7f534962c10ee5963633b684c6ee4","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","submitted_at":"2014-03-24T07:26:01Z","title_canon_sha256":"880a788c0353cc652b77316957bf3772b029b90625a555a31f2b142ea452ddd4"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1403.5872","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"988c7c00d5e491f7f33568d8506b5dcc98ad5a074997afb443a763aea7a6ef8c","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"988c7c00d5e491f7f33568d8506b5dcc98ad5a074997afb443a763aea7a6ef8c","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T02:18:13.698051Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T02:18:13.698051Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"Ypot4jiOXpQRxTZu5uh3fqof90bRCsRxROJdowDgxXqTqLo3BXZ6aT+b4Q0nmH4VbIfCKNMPYuTRxZRDFGsqCg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T02:18:13.698449Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1403.5872","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:6066163a52e9c0ef3bc0cab95699d91c9b4fc5c6a004dadf565d988f38949a57","sha256:ea2230df0d6114ea3becf7ba01afad6e284212f664dd96db97f2191aea92d8d7"],"state_sha256":"c9447f745a7a5761cf38488ca504102ec62b1cd56b79b29c613dcec5f29de68f"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"i4BALv8ouyxnBq4AovZw1iA/1xdTG7j7F8TyHdw2dpfWCuZAus9iSRzPjIh3Maaiygcg2yWkgHTK0d1UWRQKBQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-10T19:20:15.519344Z","bundle_sha256":"2b28e8b910cf5e428e533fbfd3ec87a9cab4a25d7c14ed8eabc70b0e5e21a48e"}}