{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2025:TD2KNQKSICG2ZL4MEQEYHIWMLZ","short_pith_number":"pith:TD2KNQKS","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2505.09012","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.AI","submitted_at":"2025-05-13T23:01:34Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.SY","eess.SY"],"title_canon_sha256":"5c8956c8b8b883086eab1f4497186f2b11ae8373098e8758e9524aa60292db62","abstract_canon_sha256":"938a74a54687d33718e89c9532e7c543a5ff6d218670639a0db379f579481a8e"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"98f4a6c152408dacaf8c240983a2cc5e5805ae3f82a4fbe8a10f348a9b3961aa","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2505.09012","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2505.09012","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:02:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2505.09012v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:02:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2505.09012","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:02:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"TD2KNQKSICG2","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:02:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"TD2KNQKSICG2ZL4M","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:02:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"TD2KNQKS","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:02:48Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2025:TD2KNQKSICG2ZL4MEQEYHIWMLZ","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2505.09012","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.AI","submitted_at":"2025-05-13T23:01:34Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.SY","eess.SY"],"title_canon_sha256":"5c8956c8b8b883086eab1f4497186f2b11ae8373098e8758e9524aa60292db62","abstract_canon_sha256":"938a74a54687d33718e89c9532e7c543a5ff6d218670639a0db379f579481a8e"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"98f4a6c152408dacaf8c240983a2cc5e5805ae3f82a4fbe8a10f348a9b3961aa","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T11:02:48.809903Z","signature_b64":"UgYN3laALB4/UC5No8IOw9Ys4/ffvulVTJ2isajLtqsn27vu4TSGc+IsPHvLLCRlZBGA5h2HQcnut26CaALxCA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"98f4a6c152408dacaf8c240983a2cc5e5805ae3f82a4fbe8a10f348a9b3961aa","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T11:02:48.809438Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T11:02:48.809438Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2505.09012","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T11:02:48Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"QEVdxCLreJDOk4/Lj07d8RTY6EzD2xHmCy9TgWl4uYu+BnCK4LWclignjH0Tr9BH3WFXWz8mRgVdY9Y7lK+pAg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-23T19:09:06.702385Z"},"content_sha256":"921226a6432e0eefddda72caef6fa357a498d6df6a1d5c1726a2380910c843a0","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:921226a6432e0eefddda72caef6fa357a498d6df6a1d5c1726a2380910c843a0"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2025:TD2KNQKSICG2ZL4MEQEYHIWMLZ","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Deep Reinforcement Learning for Power Grid Multi-Stage Cascading Failure Mitigation","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.SY","eess.SY"],"primary_cat":"cs.AI","authors_text":"Bo Meng, Chenghao Xu, Yongli Zhu","submitted_at":"2025-05-13T23:01:34Z","abstract_excerpt":"Cascading failures in power grids can lead to grid collapse, causing severe disruptions to social operations and economic activities. In certain cases, multi-stage cascading failures can occur. However, existing cascading-failure-mitigation strategies are usually single-stage-based, overlooking the complexity of the multi-stage scenario. This paper treats the multi-stage cascading failure problem as a reinforcement learning task and develops a simulation environment. The reinforcement learning agent is then trained via the deterministic policy gradient algorithm to achieve continuous actions. "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2505.09012","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2505.09012/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T11:02:48Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"tx4DS+A3TJs4PEGY3mFZCFC8T+Xd4mbwIVH8XgCGFqJ9N89xVEolQsOL4rp0Y2znRYpd2+FJQjJjO6JzKeT6Ag==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-23T19:09:06.702910Z"},"content_sha256":"a38997cd3c67c7f41aa46202c2f9127f9a66528b58257594368482a042ff1bbc","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:a38997cd3c67c7f41aa46202c2f9127f9a66528b58257594368482a042ff1bbc"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/TD2KNQKSICG2ZL4MEQEYHIWMLZ/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/TD2KNQKSICG2ZL4MEQEYHIWMLZ/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/TD2KNQKSICG2ZL4MEQEYHIWMLZ/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-23T19:09:06Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/TD2KNQKSICG2ZL4MEQEYHIWMLZ","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/TD2KNQKSICG2ZL4MEQEYHIWMLZ/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/TD2KNQKSICG2ZL4MEQEYHIWMLZ/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/TD2KNQKSICG2ZL4MEQEYHIWMLZ/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2025:TD2KNQKSICG2ZL4MEQEYHIWMLZ","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"938a74a54687d33718e89c9532e7c543a5ff6d218670639a0db379f579481a8e","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.SY","eess.SY"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.AI","submitted_at":"2025-05-13T23:01:34Z","title_canon_sha256":"5c8956c8b8b883086eab1f4497186f2b11ae8373098e8758e9524aa60292db62"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2505.09012","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2505.09012","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:02:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2505.09012v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:02:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2505.09012","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:02:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"TD2KNQKSICG2","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:02:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"TD2KNQKSICG2ZL4M","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:02:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"TD2KNQKS","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:02:48Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:a38997cd3c67c7f41aa46202c2f9127f9a66528b58257594368482a042ff1bbc","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:02:48Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2505.09012/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Cascading failures in power grids can lead to grid collapse, causing severe disruptions to social operations and economic activities. In certain cases, multi-stage cascading failures can occur. However, existing cascading-failure-mitigation strategies are usually single-stage-based, overlooking the complexity of the multi-stage scenario. This paper treats the multi-stage cascading failure problem as a reinforcement learning task and develops a simulation environment. The reinforcement learning agent is then trained via the deterministic policy gradient algorithm to achieve continuous actions. ","authors_text":"Bo Meng, Chenghao Xu, Yongli Zhu","cross_cats":["cs.SY","eess.SY"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.AI","submitted_at":"2025-05-13T23:01:34Z","title":"Deep Reinforcement Learning for Power Grid Multi-Stage Cascading Failure Mitigation"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2505.09012","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:921226a6432e0eefddda72caef6fa357a498d6df6a1d5c1726a2380910c843a0","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:02:48Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"938a74a54687d33718e89c9532e7c543a5ff6d218670639a0db379f579481a8e","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.SY","eess.SY"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.AI","submitted_at":"2025-05-13T23:01:34Z","title_canon_sha256":"5c8956c8b8b883086eab1f4497186f2b11ae8373098e8758e9524aa60292db62"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2505.09012","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"98f4a6c152408dacaf8c240983a2cc5e5805ae3f82a4fbe8a10f348a9b3961aa","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"98f4a6c152408dacaf8c240983a2cc5e5805ae3f82a4fbe8a10f348a9b3961aa","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T11:02:48.809438Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T11:02:48.809438Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"UgYN3laALB4/UC5No8IOw9Ys4/ffvulVTJ2isajLtqsn27vu4TSGc+IsPHvLLCRlZBGA5h2HQcnut26CaALxCA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T11:02:48.809903Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2505.09012","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:921226a6432e0eefddda72caef6fa357a498d6df6a1d5c1726a2380910c843a0","sha256:a38997cd3c67c7f41aa46202c2f9127f9a66528b58257594368482a042ff1bbc"],"state_sha256":"73278d3272ff60d230381f0da3d4aed537d83741139d6ee540fe5a412d9c2cb5"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"7pdxAida6aeMg1F39+FRJlezhwXXhlB0bwmXvos+hMjyVKhh7drTE0HZn+g8wHd5aReht4U6Cw7VbdsWXvHCCQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-23T19:09:06.707746Z","bundle_sha256":"7be7487f7a5d08de3794aa37f524c79dfe83051b89242deec66fe9d58a013df7"}}