{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2015:TDEHNF5FLCKDGAQQ7IIHONHORQ","short_pith_number":"pith:TDEHNF5F","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1501.01906","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CC","submitted_at":"2015-01-08T17:25:18Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"8ca56c659cffcffa6d2179fa116afa99734ef8ef3d4c9e1d9c46cc95263f7973","abstract_canon_sha256":"76144eb9e8bbfae4cdcfe594ee5943e58a17402dcb52e930fdaccefb4645386e"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"98c87697a55894330210fa107734ee8c2088c4d47bfc832acdc05b72b8484f18","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1501.01906","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1501.01906","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:29:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1501.01906v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:29:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1501.01906","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:29:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"TDEHNF5FLCKD","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:42Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"TDEHNF5FLCKDGAQQ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:42Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"TDEHNF5F","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:42Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2015:TDEHNF5FLCKDGAQQ7IIHONHORQ","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1501.01906","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CC","submitted_at":"2015-01-08T17:25:18Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"8ca56c659cffcffa6d2179fa116afa99734ef8ef3d4c9e1d9c46cc95263f7973","abstract_canon_sha256":"76144eb9e8bbfae4cdcfe594ee5943e58a17402dcb52e930fdaccefb4645386e"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"98c87697a55894330210fa107734ee8c2088c4d47bfc832acdc05b72b8484f18","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T02:29:46.069611Z","signature_b64":"Mswb1VV8CYaNRE8Dx+CmSnKxfEutY4vRux8iTYMuSOh5QmUB1TQMru224O7EGfWNdhX+O+lIy10PyQ75szTwDg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"98c87697a55894330210fa107734ee8c2088c4d47bfc832acdc05b72b8484f18","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T02:29:46.069213Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T02:29:46.069213Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1501.01906","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T02:29:46Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"SzuBnALl4OtOKIEjXahtgJ8z675YXp4hX7FZu96y1FcHcnEIp7PYorR+QP9+GI3xBn6BULehF8RITq6xMJ1zCQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-06T12:21:06.928008Z"},"content_sha256":"ec16847a11960fb2d45270fb28328162f8819b01bf0fbb1f514a5bad979678ed","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:ec16847a11960fb2d45270fb28328162f8819b01bf0fbb1f514a5bad979678ed"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2015:TDEHNF5FLCKDGAQQ7IIHONHORQ","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"What is NP? - Interpretation of a Chinese paradox \"white horse is not horse\"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.CC","authors_text":"Yu Li","submitted_at":"2015-01-08T17:25:18Z","abstract_excerpt":"The notion of nondeterminism has disappeared from the current definition of NP, which has led to ambiguities in understanding NP, and caused fundamental difficulties in studying the relation P versus NP. In this paper, we question the equivalence of the two definitions of NP, the one defining NP as the class of problems solvable by a nondeterministic Turing machine in polynomial time, and the other defining NP as the class of problems verifiable by a deterministic Turing machine in polynomial time, and reveal cognitive biases in this equivalence. Inspired from a famous Chinese paradox white ho"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1501.01906","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T02:29:46Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"bWqHyCDiq9DqiOIPAzU+f9Ruba/GCAyl99l6BzkB+dtv8T+PktdlGaLwvkrsDqrK6xcOpWxAwqBMcSrrl6L1Cw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-06T12:21:06.928718Z"},"content_sha256":"d7d5c00863318b7afeec8d47bf05c160f99f695cb662bed8c42dde99c254218e","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:d7d5c00863318b7afeec8d47bf05c160f99f695cb662bed8c42dde99c254218e"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/TDEHNF5FLCKDGAQQ7IIHONHORQ/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/TDEHNF5FLCKDGAQQ7IIHONHORQ/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/TDEHNF5FLCKDGAQQ7IIHONHORQ/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-06T12:21:06Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/TDEHNF5FLCKDGAQQ7IIHONHORQ","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/TDEHNF5FLCKDGAQQ7IIHONHORQ/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/TDEHNF5FLCKDGAQQ7IIHONHORQ/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/TDEHNF5FLCKDGAQQ7IIHONHORQ/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2015:TDEHNF5FLCKDGAQQ7IIHONHORQ","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"76144eb9e8bbfae4cdcfe594ee5943e58a17402dcb52e930fdaccefb4645386e","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CC","submitted_at":"2015-01-08T17:25:18Z","title_canon_sha256":"8ca56c659cffcffa6d2179fa116afa99734ef8ef3d4c9e1d9c46cc95263f7973"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1501.01906","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1501.01906","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:29:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1501.01906v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:29:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1501.01906","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:29:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"TDEHNF5FLCKD","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:42Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"TDEHNF5FLCKDGAQQ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:42Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"TDEHNF5F","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:42Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:d7d5c00863318b7afeec8d47bf05c160f99f695cb662bed8c42dde99c254218e","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:29:46Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"The notion of nondeterminism has disappeared from the current definition of NP, which has led to ambiguities in understanding NP, and caused fundamental difficulties in studying the relation P versus NP. In this paper, we question the equivalence of the two definitions of NP, the one defining NP as the class of problems solvable by a nondeterministic Turing machine in polynomial time, and the other defining NP as the class of problems verifiable by a deterministic Turing machine in polynomial time, and reveal cognitive biases in this equivalence. Inspired from a famous Chinese paradox white ho","authors_text":"Yu Li","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CC","submitted_at":"2015-01-08T17:25:18Z","title":"What is NP? - Interpretation of a Chinese paradox \"white horse is not horse\""},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1501.01906","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:ec16847a11960fb2d45270fb28328162f8819b01bf0fbb1f514a5bad979678ed","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:29:46Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"76144eb9e8bbfae4cdcfe594ee5943e58a17402dcb52e930fdaccefb4645386e","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CC","submitted_at":"2015-01-08T17:25:18Z","title_canon_sha256":"8ca56c659cffcffa6d2179fa116afa99734ef8ef3d4c9e1d9c46cc95263f7973"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1501.01906","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"98c87697a55894330210fa107734ee8c2088c4d47bfc832acdc05b72b8484f18","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"98c87697a55894330210fa107734ee8c2088c4d47bfc832acdc05b72b8484f18","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T02:29:46.069213Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T02:29:46.069213Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"Mswb1VV8CYaNRE8Dx+CmSnKxfEutY4vRux8iTYMuSOh5QmUB1TQMru224O7EGfWNdhX+O+lIy10PyQ75szTwDg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T02:29:46.069611Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1501.01906","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:ec16847a11960fb2d45270fb28328162f8819b01bf0fbb1f514a5bad979678ed","sha256:d7d5c00863318b7afeec8d47bf05c160f99f695cb662bed8c42dde99c254218e"],"state_sha256":"dd9f57305e7a64023b3fce38e3279844371738eed4552286d7d4b0fc93b911ce"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"zsrLUs8iecNXxi5AQ8u00KZEuCCT+emMkrQGb8lE0h5zJxIRzbXqTRzCd7pP0mI4K3OYR/vWnmo/acMGgHlJDA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-06T12:21:06.932453Z","bundle_sha256":"e0f131f2f0bd5ddb43535f67a364878ca03eea9824c950ed2d8d1b2fdea2c7e0"}}