{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:1999:THBNZNOU2YAFGCDZXDJBHTUMXS","short_pith_number":"pith:THBNZNOU","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"astro-ph/9906403","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"","primary_cat":"astro-ph","submitted_at":"1999-06-25T10:15:23Z","cross_cats_sorted":["gr-qc"],"title_canon_sha256":"7d540e7429a983ca5dbfc1c11861611f97d492e31eb15e4a949d8c635e13ca12","abstract_canon_sha256":"a88436772722dc3b0435556117358334e5a654477f050dfb5af9730e8f3d27dc"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"99c2dcb5d4d600530879b8d213ce8cbca251bb7a07795863d62c20141400c463","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"astro-ph/9906403","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"astro-ph/9906403","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:40:13Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"astro-ph/9906403v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:40:13Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.astro-ph/9906403","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:40:13Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"THBNZNOU2YAF","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"THBNZNOU2YAFGCDZ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"THBNZNOU","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:49Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:1999:THBNZNOU2YAFGCDZXDJBHTUMXS","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"astro-ph/9906403","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"","primary_cat":"astro-ph","submitted_at":"1999-06-25T10:15:23Z","cross_cats_sorted":["gr-qc"],"title_canon_sha256":"7d540e7429a983ca5dbfc1c11861611f97d492e31eb15e4a949d8c635e13ca12","abstract_canon_sha256":"a88436772722dc3b0435556117358334e5a654477f050dfb5af9730e8f3d27dc"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"99c2dcb5d4d600530879b8d213ce8cbca251bb7a07795863d62c20141400c463","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:40:13.002028Z","signature_b64":"RPfnet8b4AaUy+ULVymd9yJlCoy1AqIUNo6CeXvoZ+0Pd8kXC8vj6ZVqmkXbI962imzJeFoqjPZBT7oaj4ifBw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"99c2dcb5d4d600530879b8d213ce8cbca251bb7a07795863d62c20141400c463","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:40:13.001304Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:40:13.001304Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"astro-ph/9906403","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:40:13Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"+Fn3RnSUw1l9Yg/VRScU2ZoEIBG/DukgaqoPqq3U+y45YN5ZoUQr4IOFXaB9RAbyz3nPA3GItNLKiiSquVAMAQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-10T21:45:31.134139Z"},"content_sha256":"7a5abe9d7f780355de32ae00c755b03c000b4336a8cac93cff99fc86b8ec7de6","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:7a5abe9d7f780355de32ae00c755b03c000b4336a8cac93cff99fc86b8ec7de6"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:1999:THBNZNOU2YAFGCDZXDJBHTUMXS","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Effects of a torsion field on Big Bang nucleosynthesis","license":"","headline":"","cross_cats":["gr-qc"],"primary_cat":"astro-ph","authors_text":"Cambridge), Churchill College, M. Br\\\"uggen (Max-Planck-Institut fuer Astrophysik","submitted_at":"1999-06-25T10:15:23Z","abstract_excerpt":"In this paper it is investigated whether torsion, which arises naturally in most theories of quantum gravity, has observable implications for the Big Bang nucleosynthesis. Torsion can lead to spin flips amongst neutrinos thus turning them into sterile neutrinos. In the early Universe they can alter the helium abundance which is tightly constrained by observations. Here I calculate to what extent torsion of the string theory type leads to a disagreement with the Big Bang nucleosynthesis predictions."},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"astro-ph/9906403","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:40:13Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"YguHQGKTzMHMMYiZuA0ItLYl2w4XMaCeRxXU38qgofoMcArmYySNvSoAmY1X7y5Rts6IHPDbgfq2gi8wW1P1BA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-10T21:45:31.134509Z"},"content_sha256":"3f820098fab88a05c658d047f1f4414876e56f667c3d79c00e47ea0e86184624","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:3f820098fab88a05c658d047f1f4414876e56f667c3d79c00e47ea0e86184624"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/THBNZNOU2YAFGCDZXDJBHTUMXS/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/THBNZNOU2YAFGCDZXDJBHTUMXS/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/THBNZNOU2YAFGCDZXDJBHTUMXS/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-10T21:45:31Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/THBNZNOU2YAFGCDZXDJBHTUMXS","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/THBNZNOU2YAFGCDZXDJBHTUMXS/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/THBNZNOU2YAFGCDZXDJBHTUMXS/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/THBNZNOU2YAFGCDZXDJBHTUMXS/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:1999:THBNZNOU2YAFGCDZXDJBHTUMXS","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"a88436772722dc3b0435556117358334e5a654477f050dfb5af9730e8f3d27dc","cross_cats_sorted":["gr-qc"],"license":"","primary_cat":"astro-ph","submitted_at":"1999-06-25T10:15:23Z","title_canon_sha256":"7d540e7429a983ca5dbfc1c11861611f97d492e31eb15e4a949d8c635e13ca12"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"astro-ph/9906403","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"astro-ph/9906403","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:40:13Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"astro-ph/9906403v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:40:13Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.astro-ph/9906403","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:40:13Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"THBNZNOU2YAF","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"THBNZNOU2YAFGCDZ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"THBNZNOU","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:49Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:3f820098fab88a05c658d047f1f4414876e56f667c3d79c00e47ea0e86184624","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:40:13Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"In this paper it is investigated whether torsion, which arises naturally in most theories of quantum gravity, has observable implications for the Big Bang nucleosynthesis. Torsion can lead to spin flips amongst neutrinos thus turning them into sterile neutrinos. In the early Universe they can alter the helium abundance which is tightly constrained by observations. Here I calculate to what extent torsion of the string theory type leads to a disagreement with the Big Bang nucleosynthesis predictions.","authors_text":"Cambridge), Churchill College, M. Br\\\"uggen (Max-Planck-Institut fuer Astrophysik","cross_cats":["gr-qc"],"headline":"","license":"","primary_cat":"astro-ph","submitted_at":"1999-06-25T10:15:23Z","title":"Effects of a torsion field on Big Bang nucleosynthesis"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"astro-ph/9906403","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:7a5abe9d7f780355de32ae00c755b03c000b4336a8cac93cff99fc86b8ec7de6","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:40:13Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"a88436772722dc3b0435556117358334e5a654477f050dfb5af9730e8f3d27dc","cross_cats_sorted":["gr-qc"],"license":"","primary_cat":"astro-ph","submitted_at":"1999-06-25T10:15:23Z","title_canon_sha256":"7d540e7429a983ca5dbfc1c11861611f97d492e31eb15e4a949d8c635e13ca12"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"astro-ph/9906403","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"99c2dcb5d4d600530879b8d213ce8cbca251bb7a07795863d62c20141400c463","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"99c2dcb5d4d600530879b8d213ce8cbca251bb7a07795863d62c20141400c463","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:40:13.001304Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:40:13.001304Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"RPfnet8b4AaUy+ULVymd9yJlCoy1AqIUNo6CeXvoZ+0Pd8kXC8vj6ZVqmkXbI962imzJeFoqjPZBT7oaj4ifBw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:40:13.002028Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"astro-ph/9906403","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:7a5abe9d7f780355de32ae00c755b03c000b4336a8cac93cff99fc86b8ec7de6","sha256:3f820098fab88a05c658d047f1f4414876e56f667c3d79c00e47ea0e86184624"],"state_sha256":"b7cece59c852a9466ed6368ce35f6d30a15aa67cb6f673b733b22ff4146ae6e7"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"+E+WGjT//cJqEo1kysgg/emchSAPCgpBKT7WtRP+uLLG0ZCySY4Q7P2mHUarH8AXoQuzQ65Mh2CQsTKYvlNXBw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-10T21:45:31.136434Z","bundle_sha256":"00a0fc3e0257e9da8fa6b2b0ad9541d916896feb3e8e14e2a39675446d120051"}}