{"record_type":"pith_number_record","schema_url":"https://pith.science/schemas/pith-number/v1.json","pith_number":"pith:2018:TJ3TLJEAA5PFAHXRIL23SOTL7B","short_pith_number":"pith:TJ3TLJEA","schema_version":"1.0","canonical_sha256":"9a7735a480075e501ef142f5b93a6bf8475bdfbab7170b3e797f0abe128f666a","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1805.01945","version":2},"attestation_state":"computed","paper":{"title":"Broadband Cyclic-Symmetric Magnet-less Circulators and Theoretical Bounds on their Bandwidth","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"eess.SP","authors_text":"Ahmed Kord, Andrea Alu, Dimitrios L. Sounas, Zhicheng Xiao","submitted_at":"2018-05-04T21:47:04Z","abstract_excerpt":"In this paper, we explore theoretically and experimentally broadband spatiotemporally modulated (STM) magnet-less circulators realized by combining three-port non-reciprocal junctions with three identical bandpass filters. We develop a rigorous theory for the proposed circuit, which allows to optimize their design and to derive a global bound on the maximum possible bandwidth (BW) for cyclic-symmetric magnetless circulators. We verify our theory with simulations and measurements of a printed circuit board (PCB) prototype based on a differential wye junction and second-order Chebyshev bandpass "},"verification_status":{"content_addressed":true,"pith_receipt":true,"author_attested":false,"weak_author_claims":0,"strong_author_claims":0,"externally_anchored":false,"storage_verified":false,"citation_signatures":0,"replication_records":0,"graph_snapshot":true,"references_resolved":false,"formal_links_present":false},"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1805.01945","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"eess.SP","submitted_at":"2018-05-04T21:47:04Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"d521142ae0bf8ff9982d638ca3c4bf69a6548724283cc2832ff48fdd367467e4","abstract_canon_sha256":"a06b0478d05480f465d4d2f1de55f999af4f8873ba04e51391a590f8a26dff8c"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-17T23:57:41.449688Z","signature_b64":"swBM4sgM8DC6Jm1yO6tCsI6uWLwrZ0mZY3ASMEkIRhEVr3piabt4QdcxjRhvGR639V5MPsI0wwZkWYYPBMbGCg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"9a7735a480075e501ef142f5b93a6bf8475bdfbab7170b3e797f0abe128f666a","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-17T23:57:41.449026Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-17T23:57:41.449026Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Broadband Cyclic-Symmetric Magnet-less Circulators and Theoretical Bounds on their Bandwidth","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"eess.SP","authors_text":"Ahmed Kord, Andrea Alu, Dimitrios L. Sounas, Zhicheng Xiao","submitted_at":"2018-05-04T21:47:04Z","abstract_excerpt":"In this paper, we explore theoretically and experimentally broadband spatiotemporally modulated (STM) magnet-less circulators realized by combining three-port non-reciprocal junctions with three identical bandpass filters. We develop a rigorous theory for the proposed circuit, which allows to optimize their design and to derive a global bound on the maximum possible bandwidth (BW) for cyclic-symmetric magnetless circulators. We verify our theory with simulations and measurements of a printed circuit board (PCB) prototype based on a differential wye junction and second-order Chebyshev bandpass "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1805.01945","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1805.01945","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:57:41.449118+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1805.01945v2","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:57:41.449118+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1805.01945","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:57:41.449118+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"TJ3TLJEAA5PF","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:53.628368+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"TJ3TLJEAA5PFAHXR","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:53.628368+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"TJ3TLJEA","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:53.628368+00:00"}],"events":[],"event_summary":{},"paper_claims":[],"inbound_citations":{"count":0,"internal_anchor_count":0,"sample":[]},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"sample":[],"anchors":[]},"links":{"html":"https://pith.science/pith/TJ3TLJEAA5PFAHXRIL23SOTL7B","json":"https://pith.science/pith/TJ3TLJEAA5PFAHXRIL23SOTL7B.json","graph_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/TJ3TLJEAA5PFAHXRIL23SOTL7B/graph.json","events_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/TJ3TLJEAA5PFAHXRIL23SOTL7B/events.json","paper":"https://pith.science/paper/TJ3TLJEA"},"agent_actions":{"view_html":"https://pith.science/pith/TJ3TLJEAA5PFAHXRIL23SOTL7B","download_json":"https://pith.science/pith/TJ3TLJEAA5PFAHXRIL23SOTL7B.json","view_paper":"https://pith.science/paper/TJ3TLJEA","resolve_alias":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/resolve?arxiv=1805.01945&json=true","fetch_graph":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/TJ3TLJEAA5PFAHXRIL23SOTL7B/graph.json","fetch_events":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/TJ3TLJEAA5PFAHXRIL23SOTL7B/events.json","actions":{"anchor_timestamp":"https://pith.science/pith/TJ3TLJEAA5PFAHXRIL23SOTL7B/action/timestamp_anchor","attest_storage":"https://pith.science/pith/TJ3TLJEAA5PFAHXRIL23SOTL7B/action/storage_attestation","attest_author":"https://pith.science/pith/TJ3TLJEAA5PFAHXRIL23SOTL7B/action/author_attestation","sign_citation":"https://pith.science/pith/TJ3TLJEAA5PFAHXRIL23SOTL7B/action/citation_signature","submit_replication":"https://pith.science/pith/TJ3TLJEAA5PFAHXRIL23SOTL7B/action/replication_record"}},"created_at":"2026-05-17T23:57:41.449118+00:00","updated_at":"2026-05-17T23:57:41.449118+00:00"}