{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2021:TJDBGMCOO3VO675YPYRTBVVRAN","short_pith_number":"pith:TJDBGMCO","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2112.06274","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2021-12-12T16:34:52Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI","cs.CR"],"title_canon_sha256":"6a52048a7f007cc172da84524c7ef0b522f51390979f69df2525df677d90d3c5","abstract_canon_sha256":"b98e20b5f40f63eab01c5ece31f5fafdba5960a9edb492675ad7d18e65e1b6c4"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"9a4613304e76eaef7fb87e2330d6b1036f84b193f48b16847e30c2d6af0db8d5","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2112.06274","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2112.06274","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:40:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2112.06274v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:40:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2112.06274","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:40:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"TJDBGMCOO3VO","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:40:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"TJDBGMCOO3VO675Y","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:40:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"TJDBGMCO","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:40:12Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2021:TJDBGMCOO3VO675YPYRTBVVRAN","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2112.06274","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2021-12-12T16:34:52Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI","cs.CR"],"title_canon_sha256":"6a52048a7f007cc172da84524c7ef0b522f51390979f69df2525df677d90d3c5","abstract_canon_sha256":"b98e20b5f40f63eab01c5ece31f5fafdba5960a9edb492675ad7d18e65e1b6c4"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"9a4613304e76eaef7fb87e2330d6b1036f84b193f48b16847e30c2d6af0db8d5","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T03:40:12.177340Z","signature_b64":"+GIaKQAWQYBNwwdqYPSL+9o4wUyU0qBveNxu0gF1B0rKbAopG5k7utCLNusotG+59CLVsi3btLNJm4KfUylSCw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"9a4613304e76eaef7fb87e2330d6b1036f84b193f48b16847e30c2d6af0db8d5","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T03:40:12.176877Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T03:40:12.176877Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2112.06274","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T03:40:12Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"di3uVvOQZFFjuO37TIs5SK5/ZZzSaLG7q0jQToQ1M5YRX4/opj2/ULnbmXrrMd3oYVEzau4IMskGFJA1NE+UDw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-05T06:49:28.576573Z"},"content_sha256":"b72af74a7d86b41dab48705f2c2f2530885c80900c6d94cfc9c3e8c067e49d60","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:b72af74a7d86b41dab48705f2c2f2530885c80900c6d94cfc9c3e8c067e49d60"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2021:TJDBGMCOO3VO675YPYRTBVVRAN","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"SparseFed: Mitigating Model Poisoning Attacks in Federated Learning with Sparsification","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.AI","cs.CR"],"primary_cat":"cs.LG","authors_text":"Arjun N. Bhagoji, Ashwinee Panda, Prateek Mittal, Saeed Mahloujifar, Supriyo Chakraborty","submitted_at":"2021-12-12T16:34:52Z","abstract_excerpt":"Federated learning is inherently vulnerable to model poisoning attacks because its decentralized nature allows attackers to participate with compromised devices. In model poisoning attacks, the attacker reduces the model's performance on targeted sub-tasks (e.g. classifying planes as birds) by uploading \"poisoned\" updates. In this report we introduce \\algoname{}, a novel defense that uses global top-k update sparsification and device-level gradient clipping to mitigate model poisoning attacks. We propose a theoretical framework for analyzing the robustness of defenses against poisoning attacks"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2112.06274","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2112.06274/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T03:40:12Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"LnUM0f0tGu7WlqPWZBPJbXDhNqNarYO0g5AUJCC82CWAs/9NEvnt5pXP82By9aa7nXJ7MXs9oha0Lj2avX87AA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-05T06:49:28.577180Z"},"content_sha256":"f750cf0be705c6326acbde8a3db4c74f2e456a2592868023c2387ba0ac94017d","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:f750cf0be705c6326acbde8a3db4c74f2e456a2592868023c2387ba0ac94017d"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/TJDBGMCOO3VO675YPYRTBVVRAN/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/TJDBGMCOO3VO675YPYRTBVVRAN/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/TJDBGMCOO3VO675YPYRTBVVRAN/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-05T06:49:28Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/TJDBGMCOO3VO675YPYRTBVVRAN","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/TJDBGMCOO3VO675YPYRTBVVRAN/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/TJDBGMCOO3VO675YPYRTBVVRAN/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/TJDBGMCOO3VO675YPYRTBVVRAN/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2021:TJDBGMCOO3VO675YPYRTBVVRAN","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"b98e20b5f40f63eab01c5ece31f5fafdba5960a9edb492675ad7d18e65e1b6c4","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI","cs.CR"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2021-12-12T16:34:52Z","title_canon_sha256":"6a52048a7f007cc172da84524c7ef0b522f51390979f69df2525df677d90d3c5"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2112.06274","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2112.06274","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:40:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2112.06274v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:40:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2112.06274","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:40:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"TJDBGMCOO3VO","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:40:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"TJDBGMCOO3VO675Y","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:40:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"TJDBGMCO","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:40:12Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:f750cf0be705c6326acbde8a3db4c74f2e456a2592868023c2387ba0ac94017d","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:40:12Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2112.06274/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Federated learning is inherently vulnerable to model poisoning attacks because its decentralized nature allows attackers to participate with compromised devices. In model poisoning attacks, the attacker reduces the model's performance on targeted sub-tasks (e.g. classifying planes as birds) by uploading \"poisoned\" updates. In this report we introduce \\algoname{}, a novel defense that uses global top-k update sparsification and device-level gradient clipping to mitigate model poisoning attacks. We propose a theoretical framework for analyzing the robustness of defenses against poisoning attacks","authors_text":"Arjun N. Bhagoji, Ashwinee Panda, Prateek Mittal, Saeed Mahloujifar, Supriyo Chakraborty","cross_cats":["cs.AI","cs.CR"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2021-12-12T16:34:52Z","title":"SparseFed: Mitigating Model Poisoning Attacks in Federated Learning with Sparsification"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2112.06274","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:b72af74a7d86b41dab48705f2c2f2530885c80900c6d94cfc9c3e8c067e49d60","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:40:12Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"b98e20b5f40f63eab01c5ece31f5fafdba5960a9edb492675ad7d18e65e1b6c4","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI","cs.CR"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2021-12-12T16:34:52Z","title_canon_sha256":"6a52048a7f007cc172da84524c7ef0b522f51390979f69df2525df677d90d3c5"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2112.06274","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"9a4613304e76eaef7fb87e2330d6b1036f84b193f48b16847e30c2d6af0db8d5","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"9a4613304e76eaef7fb87e2330d6b1036f84b193f48b16847e30c2d6af0db8d5","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T03:40:12.176877Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T03:40:12.176877Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"+GIaKQAWQYBNwwdqYPSL+9o4wUyU0qBveNxu0gF1B0rKbAopG5k7utCLNusotG+59CLVsi3btLNJm4KfUylSCw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T03:40:12.177340Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2112.06274","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:b72af74a7d86b41dab48705f2c2f2530885c80900c6d94cfc9c3e8c067e49d60","sha256:f750cf0be705c6326acbde8a3db4c74f2e456a2592868023c2387ba0ac94017d"],"state_sha256":"c022d5663d29b0aaafb86b4e6033d94a02cf285b7c258c71d364f16546909dac"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"noE48YZgYz6tDtXsprtM4dVazt5Wz8cj/sO/a16/OWUgnbGwCg20nV68c6bdOVXzl6hljVSR3qWH/JquFZNDAg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-05T06:49:28.582390Z","bundle_sha256":"5e776ddf2957ef038b79ebb9053a2a688cd756dc04feb9e8409dc961a716ae98"}}