{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2021:TJYMDWZQC762QURG57LZCKQGNH","short_pith_number":"pith:TJYMDWZQ","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2106.13473","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"quant-ph","submitted_at":"2021-06-25T07:36:21Z","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.optics"],"title_canon_sha256":"0bba87293f6a72d41fdcc6db7a0f2ddbcb710a01dacf8d5cf46b3f8c90bcc91e","abstract_canon_sha256":"d6e02b5cfc08bdedecd534eebe11ad020a8be76e503509ee12591439cdb52df1"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"9a70c1db3017fda85226efd7912a0669cb16c80501bd0500f91a54375e9b8a22","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2106.13473","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2106.13473","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:09:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2106.13473v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:09:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2106.13473","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:09:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"TJYMDWZQC762","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:09:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"TJYMDWZQC762QURG","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:09:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"TJYMDWZQ","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:09:46Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2021:TJYMDWZQC762QURG57LZCKQGNH","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2106.13473","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"quant-ph","submitted_at":"2021-06-25T07:36:21Z","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.optics"],"title_canon_sha256":"0bba87293f6a72d41fdcc6db7a0f2ddbcb710a01dacf8d5cf46b3f8c90bcc91e","abstract_canon_sha256":"d6e02b5cfc08bdedecd534eebe11ad020a8be76e503509ee12591439cdb52df1"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"9a70c1db3017fda85226efd7912a0669cb16c80501bd0500f91a54375e9b8a22","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T03:09:46.336705Z","signature_b64":"VC6paXZFCY3VMipofRxU3RCLsZA7qqR7zKy6WYrVBoDBNQN67wJegatExxh8+cz631H/fejduAVs45WRNJYJCw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"9a70c1db3017fda85226efd7912a0669cb16c80501bd0500f91a54375e9b8a22","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T03:09:46.336268Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T03:09:46.336268Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2106.13473","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T03:09:46Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"43mxzj7hN2s2WelYJHxI5WduT9lLK7H0Ov5/8g+Y6IlHJ7F18y28ZyDjzvb5WOihi/ce4cFSTRf6okIIgVwnBg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-21T14:13:25.410567Z"},"content_sha256":"932f327fafc40e4375a2cb5b1f85a4d3427dd671aaf12d3e653aa18c16ec72a7","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:932f327fafc40e4375a2cb5b1f85a4d3427dd671aaf12d3e653aa18c16ec72a7"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2021:TJYMDWZQC762QURG57LZCKQGNH","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Implementation of a 3 x 3 directionally-unbiased linear optical multiport","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["physics.optics"],"primary_cat":"quant-ph","authors_text":"Donghwa Lee, Hyang-Tag Lim, Ilhwan Kim, Kwang Jo Lee, Seongjin Hong, Yong-Su Kim, Young-Wook Cho","submitted_at":"2021-06-25T07:36:21Z","abstract_excerpt":"Linear optical multiports are widely used in photonic quantum information processing. Naturally, these devices are directionally-biased since photons always propagate from the input ports toward the output ports. Recently, the concept of directionally-unbiased linear optical multiports was proposed. These directionally-unbiased multiports allow photons to propagate along a reverse direction, which can greatly reduce the number of required linear optical elements for complicated linear optical quantum networks. Here, we report an experimental demonstration of a 3 x 3 directionally-unbiased line"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2106.13473","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2106.13473/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T03:09:46Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"GBi3qnt38gT23HlcbZWzLshCn/+ujkvSRCOsjj17TuhMi6Sl4D3G8xwIX0sW0TcOtI2mY4yFFsOmSrvfdN3YCw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-21T14:13:25.410955Z"},"content_sha256":"c8257ad5e5dd5de62d879a5a494621a9ea8c3963aa8706e5e45c698520f10b88","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:c8257ad5e5dd5de62d879a5a494621a9ea8c3963aa8706e5e45c698520f10b88"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/TJYMDWZQC762QURG57LZCKQGNH/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/TJYMDWZQC762QURG57LZCKQGNH/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/TJYMDWZQC762QURG57LZCKQGNH/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-21T14:13:25Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/TJYMDWZQC762QURG57LZCKQGNH","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/TJYMDWZQC762QURG57LZCKQGNH/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/TJYMDWZQC762QURG57LZCKQGNH/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/TJYMDWZQC762QURG57LZCKQGNH/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2021:TJYMDWZQC762QURG57LZCKQGNH","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"d6e02b5cfc08bdedecd534eebe11ad020a8be76e503509ee12591439cdb52df1","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.optics"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"quant-ph","submitted_at":"2021-06-25T07:36:21Z","title_canon_sha256":"0bba87293f6a72d41fdcc6db7a0f2ddbcb710a01dacf8d5cf46b3f8c90bcc91e"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2106.13473","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2106.13473","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:09:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2106.13473v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:09:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2106.13473","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:09:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"TJYMDWZQC762","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:09:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"TJYMDWZQC762QURG","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:09:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"TJYMDWZQ","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:09:46Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:c8257ad5e5dd5de62d879a5a494621a9ea8c3963aa8706e5e45c698520f10b88","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:09:46Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2106.13473/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Linear optical multiports are widely used in photonic quantum information processing. Naturally, these devices are directionally-biased since photons always propagate from the input ports toward the output ports. Recently, the concept of directionally-unbiased linear optical multiports was proposed. These directionally-unbiased multiports allow photons to propagate along a reverse direction, which can greatly reduce the number of required linear optical elements for complicated linear optical quantum networks. Here, we report an experimental demonstration of a 3 x 3 directionally-unbiased line","authors_text":"Donghwa Lee, Hyang-Tag Lim, Ilhwan Kim, Kwang Jo Lee, Seongjin Hong, Yong-Su Kim, Young-Wook Cho","cross_cats":["physics.optics"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"quant-ph","submitted_at":"2021-06-25T07:36:21Z","title":"Implementation of a 3 x 3 directionally-unbiased linear optical multiport"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2106.13473","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:932f327fafc40e4375a2cb5b1f85a4d3427dd671aaf12d3e653aa18c16ec72a7","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:09:46Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"d6e02b5cfc08bdedecd534eebe11ad020a8be76e503509ee12591439cdb52df1","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.optics"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"quant-ph","submitted_at":"2021-06-25T07:36:21Z","title_canon_sha256":"0bba87293f6a72d41fdcc6db7a0f2ddbcb710a01dacf8d5cf46b3f8c90bcc91e"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2106.13473","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"9a70c1db3017fda85226efd7912a0669cb16c80501bd0500f91a54375e9b8a22","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"9a70c1db3017fda85226efd7912a0669cb16c80501bd0500f91a54375e9b8a22","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T03:09:46.336268Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T03:09:46.336268Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"VC6paXZFCY3VMipofRxU3RCLsZA7qqR7zKy6WYrVBoDBNQN67wJegatExxh8+cz631H/fejduAVs45WRNJYJCw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T03:09:46.336705Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2106.13473","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:932f327fafc40e4375a2cb5b1f85a4d3427dd671aaf12d3e653aa18c16ec72a7","sha256:c8257ad5e5dd5de62d879a5a494621a9ea8c3963aa8706e5e45c698520f10b88"],"state_sha256":"fb93b1da8e230527d51f8fb135ea6ce7e5ba1f8b56da52abacaef7dafb10230d"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"i4IrEzi3sSSpXyTXzD4ndMxSBn2kNnsOoeEtkT/4tQ7byiU98/nyGKVmHtHQ7OCFL/l0Lne1ezhmd74Dwc8ODQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-21T14:13:25.413509Z","bundle_sha256":"ae3de69627f7035c782a8a7bcb1bd1c0cc5eabb63b08d5d4a98e9b7363eaa613"}}