{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2018:TL6AMOAGTMQP5VG5OYCJBQLDWN","short_pith_number":"pith:TL6AMOAG","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1804.02072","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"eess.SP","submitted_at":"2018-04-05T22:28:51Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"1b4585c5962eccd77c7e6afc58428cf8b2755d62fb2338782f8da2f1c6da61be","abstract_canon_sha256":"90a13b219b12006ece0eccefb2c31f31901a0b403d763b6175fc41779b5d5673"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"9afc0638069b20fed4dd760490c163b34f7b1561631f07922e9a3688bd33a3f1","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1804.02072","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1804.02072","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:19:07Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1804.02072v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:19:07Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1804.02072","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:19:07Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"TL6AMOAGTMQP","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"TL6AMOAGTMQP5VG5","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"TL6AMOAG","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:53Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2018:TL6AMOAGTMQP5VG5OYCJBQLDWN","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1804.02072","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"eess.SP","submitted_at":"2018-04-05T22:28:51Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"1b4585c5962eccd77c7e6afc58428cf8b2755d62fb2338782f8da2f1c6da61be","abstract_canon_sha256":"90a13b219b12006ece0eccefb2c31f31901a0b403d763b6175fc41779b5d5673"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"9afc0638069b20fed4dd760490c163b34f7b1561631f07922e9a3688bd33a3f1","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:19:07.944804Z","signature_b64":"oeGstKOdNYE3uWrA+13HxgrmHdFB1LEs/jX0GxDGI6/4K0sOHVb6zvvb0rT7Z7nijzjETPjF0NM4k31d+j1wCw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"9afc0638069b20fed4dd760490c163b34f7b1561631f07922e9a3688bd33a3f1","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:19:07.944120Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:19:07.944120Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1804.02072","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:19:07Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"aGX20VShCjxa8O7pne+9AP2dtZmeXMZ2JA/BCo6wOA3xvPmctZYiOnb7FDGcvFNlem8t5Pzsuciia5jr2D8dBQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-31T22:51:16.070261Z"},"content_sha256":"71ebccde006e3de1a7859dde31018ca1c6d5a8151c6c3e091f70178bdf664d59","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:71ebccde006e3de1a7859dde31018ca1c6d5a8151c6c3e091f70178bdf664d59"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2018:TL6AMOAGTMQP5VG5OYCJBQLDWN","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Finite Large Antenna Arrays for Massive MIMO: Characterization and System Impact","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"eess.SP","authors_text":"Cheng-Ming Chen, Guy A. E. Vandenbosch, Liesbet Van der Perre, Sofie Pollin, Vladimir Volski","submitted_at":"2018-04-05T22:28:51Z","abstract_excerpt":"Massive MIMO is considered a key technology for 5G. Various studies analyze the impact of the number of antennas, relying on channel properties only and assuming uniform antenna gains in very large arrays. In this paper, we investigate the impact of mutual coupling and edge effects on the gain pattern variation in the array. Our analysis focuses on the comparison of patch antennas versus dipoles, representative for the antennas typically used in massive MIMO experiments today. Through simulations and measurements, we show that the finite patch array has a lower gain pattern variation compared "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1804.02072","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:19:07Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"n93Ocb7nIUTx9iOB9qHP35z+eWWnWOHCoUXlFKmXIVpOYn/KZF1lcGgL7GLYAGgW1W9/FXmiB2diGrGNE+b3Dw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-31T22:51:16.071042Z"},"content_sha256":"d1a26e5caa0171a8bdca900a0c48481637bb2de491136df9409a1519727d485d","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:d1a26e5caa0171a8bdca900a0c48481637bb2de491136df9409a1519727d485d"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/TL6AMOAGTMQP5VG5OYCJBQLDWN/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/TL6AMOAGTMQP5VG5OYCJBQLDWN/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/TL6AMOAGTMQP5VG5OYCJBQLDWN/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-31T22:51:16Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/TL6AMOAGTMQP5VG5OYCJBQLDWN","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/TL6AMOAGTMQP5VG5OYCJBQLDWN/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/TL6AMOAGTMQP5VG5OYCJBQLDWN/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/TL6AMOAGTMQP5VG5OYCJBQLDWN/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2018:TL6AMOAGTMQP5VG5OYCJBQLDWN","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"90a13b219b12006ece0eccefb2c31f31901a0b403d763b6175fc41779b5d5673","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"eess.SP","submitted_at":"2018-04-05T22:28:51Z","title_canon_sha256":"1b4585c5962eccd77c7e6afc58428cf8b2755d62fb2338782f8da2f1c6da61be"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1804.02072","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1804.02072","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:19:07Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1804.02072v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:19:07Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1804.02072","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:19:07Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"TL6AMOAGTMQP","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"TL6AMOAGTMQP5VG5","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"TL6AMOAG","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:53Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:d1a26e5caa0171a8bdca900a0c48481637bb2de491136df9409a1519727d485d","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:19:07Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Massive MIMO is considered a key technology for 5G. Various studies analyze the impact of the number of antennas, relying on channel properties only and assuming uniform antenna gains in very large arrays. In this paper, we investigate the impact of mutual coupling and edge effects on the gain pattern variation in the array. Our analysis focuses on the comparison of patch antennas versus dipoles, representative for the antennas typically used in massive MIMO experiments today. Through simulations and measurements, we show that the finite patch array has a lower gain pattern variation compared ","authors_text":"Cheng-Ming Chen, Guy A. E. Vandenbosch, Liesbet Van der Perre, Sofie Pollin, Vladimir Volski","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"eess.SP","submitted_at":"2018-04-05T22:28:51Z","title":"Finite Large Antenna Arrays for Massive MIMO: Characterization and System Impact"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1804.02072","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:71ebccde006e3de1a7859dde31018ca1c6d5a8151c6c3e091f70178bdf664d59","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:19:07Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"90a13b219b12006ece0eccefb2c31f31901a0b403d763b6175fc41779b5d5673","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"eess.SP","submitted_at":"2018-04-05T22:28:51Z","title_canon_sha256":"1b4585c5962eccd77c7e6afc58428cf8b2755d62fb2338782f8da2f1c6da61be"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1804.02072","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"9afc0638069b20fed4dd760490c163b34f7b1561631f07922e9a3688bd33a3f1","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"9afc0638069b20fed4dd760490c163b34f7b1561631f07922e9a3688bd33a3f1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:19:07.944120Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:19:07.944120Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"oeGstKOdNYE3uWrA+13HxgrmHdFB1LEs/jX0GxDGI6/4K0sOHVb6zvvb0rT7Z7nijzjETPjF0NM4k31d+j1wCw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:19:07.944804Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1804.02072","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:71ebccde006e3de1a7859dde31018ca1c6d5a8151c6c3e091f70178bdf664d59","sha256:d1a26e5caa0171a8bdca900a0c48481637bb2de491136df9409a1519727d485d"],"state_sha256":"fec7d837669042a63d217dc43ae68a057113ffdc4e6920a30926eebd53e5a4de"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"upWhTH4l6VvdRCf4ih2cTyUZSxcyZmgK0d2WMWeE6908upQZCL+8J4qyc0qn6+k3xn1X3PmivSqHcXzn55U/DQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-31T22:51:16.075247Z","bundle_sha256":"7f7d78b5a4b59fea0d2851905fa126a5b43398a5679ecb9eb9f2847a9e469dcd"}}