{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2021:TLNUACFMAYUQJISRCKAUOGGI5F","short_pith_number":"pith:TLNUACFM","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2110.04131","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.SR","submitted_at":"2021-10-08T13:35:05Z","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.GA","astro-ph.HE"],"title_canon_sha256":"e4aa3c489da245832ef94f750445d5e5020231121ac9d865b551a6281e12e677","abstract_canon_sha256":"9e3f1c9f51a9c05eff842508b5ac7d482f4b1c6a9f5efcca5bdb315e3c7c72d5"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"9adb4008ac062904a25112814718c8e978ae9f7e8d7d944e92d2ba40e26fa6d4","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2110.04131","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2110.04131","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:45:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2110.04131v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:45:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2110.04131","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:45:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"TLNUACFMAYUQ","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:45:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"TLNUACFMAYUQJISR","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:45:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"TLNUACFM","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:45:48Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2021:TLNUACFMAYUQJISRCKAUOGGI5F","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2110.04131","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.SR","submitted_at":"2021-10-08T13:35:05Z","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.GA","astro-ph.HE"],"title_canon_sha256":"e4aa3c489da245832ef94f750445d5e5020231121ac9d865b551a6281e12e677","abstract_canon_sha256":"9e3f1c9f51a9c05eff842508b5ac7d482f4b1c6a9f5efcca5bdb315e3c7c72d5"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"9adb4008ac062904a25112814718c8e978ae9f7e8d7d944e92d2ba40e26fa6d4","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T03:45:48.941789Z","signature_b64":"35bZ/VYD0pV5nptJ7QBjkKlHR7sPtfF1rIr0lNd9gGZ5f0SartiaMT+7vDVNDNMkCY8Jaw3DMduWJC8M/Q2eCQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"9adb4008ac062904a25112814718c8e978ae9f7e8d7d944e92d2ba40e26fa6d4","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T03:45:48.941310Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T03:45:48.941310Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2110.04131","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T03:45:48Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"qKciBHb89ekUE00cJEaxStLgGQiP/iLbdBpLVwCTWci0jZWeuaWuZP6Wi94vXiXWx7imUue1cKFyNr7lwDB8BA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-12T18:18:04.101642Z"},"content_sha256":"cc310fd54a9479bc6c6e1df4bed501e41d20bdbca512d7b728c0f776fb9c7ad8","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:cc310fd54a9479bc6c6e1df4bed501e41d20bdbca512d7b728c0f776fb9c7ad8"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2021:TLNUACFMAYUQJISRCKAUOGGI5F","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"The cosmic carbon footprint of massive stars stripped in binary systems","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["astro-ph.GA","astro-ph.HE"],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.SR","authors_text":"E. Laplace, R. Farmer, S.E. de Mink, S. Justham","submitted_at":"2021-10-08T13:35:05Z","abstract_excerpt":"The cosmic origin of carbon, a fundamental building block of life, is still uncertain. Yield predictions for massive stars are almost exclusively based on single star models, even though a large fraction interact with a binary companion. Using the MESA stellar evolution code, we predict the carbon ejected in the winds and supernovae of single and binary-stripped stars at solar metallicity. We find that binary-stripped stars are twice as efficient at producing carbon (1.5-2.6 times, depending on choices on the slope of the initial mass function and black hole formation). We confirm that this is"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2110.04131","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2110.04131/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T03:45:48Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"Hb6I8z0c/y2B0W3cYu83Yi1468de4yvk9sCIV90U24JmyJT3a7KxRxkjbl2aNyuGLbfkG1CgA2lQB2pXaNoLBg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-12T18:18:04.102019Z"},"content_sha256":"538c54f4061eb12f7e429caa376321b889ccdf11542d3c4fa69786f93aeb2c00","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:538c54f4061eb12f7e429caa376321b889ccdf11542d3c4fa69786f93aeb2c00"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/TLNUACFMAYUQJISRCKAUOGGI5F/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/TLNUACFMAYUQJISRCKAUOGGI5F/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/TLNUACFMAYUQJISRCKAUOGGI5F/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-07-12T18:18:04Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/TLNUACFMAYUQJISRCKAUOGGI5F","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/TLNUACFMAYUQJISRCKAUOGGI5F/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/TLNUACFMAYUQJISRCKAUOGGI5F/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/TLNUACFMAYUQJISRCKAUOGGI5F/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2021:TLNUACFMAYUQJISRCKAUOGGI5F","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"9e3f1c9f51a9c05eff842508b5ac7d482f4b1c6a9f5efcca5bdb315e3c7c72d5","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.GA","astro-ph.HE"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.SR","submitted_at":"2021-10-08T13:35:05Z","title_canon_sha256":"e4aa3c489da245832ef94f750445d5e5020231121ac9d865b551a6281e12e677"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2110.04131","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2110.04131","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:45:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2110.04131v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:45:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2110.04131","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:45:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"TLNUACFMAYUQ","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:45:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"TLNUACFMAYUQJISR","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:45:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"TLNUACFM","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:45:48Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:538c54f4061eb12f7e429caa376321b889ccdf11542d3c4fa69786f93aeb2c00","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:45:48Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2110.04131/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"The cosmic origin of carbon, a fundamental building block of life, is still uncertain. Yield predictions for massive stars are almost exclusively based on single star models, even though a large fraction interact with a binary companion. Using the MESA stellar evolution code, we predict the carbon ejected in the winds and supernovae of single and binary-stripped stars at solar metallicity. We find that binary-stripped stars are twice as efficient at producing carbon (1.5-2.6 times, depending on choices on the slope of the initial mass function and black hole formation). We confirm that this is","authors_text":"E. Laplace, R. Farmer, S.E. de Mink, S. Justham","cross_cats":["astro-ph.GA","astro-ph.HE"],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.SR","submitted_at":"2021-10-08T13:35:05Z","title":"The cosmic carbon footprint of massive stars stripped in binary systems"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2110.04131","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:cc310fd54a9479bc6c6e1df4bed501e41d20bdbca512d7b728c0f776fb9c7ad8","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:45:48Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"9e3f1c9f51a9c05eff842508b5ac7d482f4b1c6a9f5efcca5bdb315e3c7c72d5","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.GA","astro-ph.HE"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.SR","submitted_at":"2021-10-08T13:35:05Z","title_canon_sha256":"e4aa3c489da245832ef94f750445d5e5020231121ac9d865b551a6281e12e677"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2110.04131","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"9adb4008ac062904a25112814718c8e978ae9f7e8d7d944e92d2ba40e26fa6d4","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"9adb4008ac062904a25112814718c8e978ae9f7e8d7d944e92d2ba40e26fa6d4","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T03:45:48.941310Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T03:45:48.941310Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"35bZ/VYD0pV5nptJ7QBjkKlHR7sPtfF1rIr0lNd9gGZ5f0SartiaMT+7vDVNDNMkCY8Jaw3DMduWJC8M/Q2eCQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T03:45:48.941789Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2110.04131","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:cc310fd54a9479bc6c6e1df4bed501e41d20bdbca512d7b728c0f776fb9c7ad8","sha256:538c54f4061eb12f7e429caa376321b889ccdf11542d3c4fa69786f93aeb2c00"],"state_sha256":"b9847fc5071bf7e7ffef98c4c4ff5a04927f2b654bc7a077db347fa1c0a91be0"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"u5aMwB2tUrWhJUc9704owyta3DHX1GEHan9aAuJ6hh/SxmigvczdeS6d70BkjSNg1qGeI30fAt6lTPrjTwy5Aw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-12T18:18:04.104552Z","bundle_sha256":"ba49ebf42664a691717e002d8c88a109c3b83bc7614c2b478e7e743be7f8551e"}}