{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2017:TLPOFN6O4ZV5QJ3LCHHVUWVQAR","short_pith_number":"pith:TLPOFN6O","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1711.10605","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"quant-ph","submitted_at":"2017-11-28T23:05:52Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CC"],"title_canon_sha256":"8345daa3d03b05a5a91ab8b7cebcf5ddd1394960039188c4918b8df25d426d4f","abstract_canon_sha256":"8b0f0a2741e74e98117bfbb3e50b3413bb0cf05080b837d0a7f197ee6a5f056d"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"9adee2b7cee66bd8276b11cf5a5ab004791ef3c9ff9ab9a772ed5fe8f98b9fa8","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1711.10605","version":3},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1711.10605","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:00:35Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1711.10605v3","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:00:35Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1711.10605","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:00:35Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"TLPOFN6O4ZV5","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"TLPOFN6O4ZV5QJ3L","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"TLPOFN6O","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:46Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2017:TLPOFN6O4ZV5QJ3LCHHVUWVQAR","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1711.10605","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"quant-ph","submitted_at":"2017-11-28T23:05:52Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CC"],"title_canon_sha256":"8345daa3d03b05a5a91ab8b7cebcf5ddd1394960039188c4918b8df25d426d4f","abstract_canon_sha256":"8b0f0a2741e74e98117bfbb3e50b3413bb0cf05080b837d0a7f197ee6a5f056d"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"9adee2b7cee66bd8276b11cf5a5ab004791ef3c9ff9ab9a772ed5fe8f98b9fa8","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:00:35.387301Z","signature_b64":"2A+PZyJ7N/h90HJSFcbKJc7QUEY6tcRM/DL1FPbFOcbUMxxLU3r5OY9Tj2KujDi3WTkTrDQOWHLG6p+WTg29AQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"9adee2b7cee66bd8276b11cf5a5ab004791ef3c9ff9ab9a772ed5fe8f98b9fa8","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:00:35.386745Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:00:35.386745Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1711.10605","source_version":3,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:00:35Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"VrhWG35aRS2BV7lk2asj5gbeBv9h700rqBDFvD4EyvYUfeYagnWAoMT6g+uHJA823Z2t++sXRPAubQ2QhCmbDg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-27T23:46:25.497942Z"},"content_sha256":"6ecdf7e0c6b0bfa9441d8700ce5bc4e8a2d67e6494ab34825403268a1ab07cc2","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:6ecdf7e0c6b0bfa9441d8700ce5bc4e8a2d67e6494ab34825403268a1ab07cc2"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2017:TLPOFN6O4ZV5QJ3LCHHVUWVQAR","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Merlin-Arthur with efficient quantum Merlin and quantum supremacy for the second level of the Fourier hierarchy","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.CC"],"primary_cat":"quant-ph","authors_text":"Harumichi Nishimura, Tomoyuki Morimae, Yuki Takeuchi","submitted_at":"2017-11-28T23:05:52Z","abstract_excerpt":"We introduce a simple sub-universal quantum computing model, which we call the Hadamard-classical circuit with one-qubit (HC1Q) model. It consists of a classical reversible circuit sandwiched by two layers of Hadamard gates, and therefore it is in the second level of the Fourier hierarchy. We show that output probability distributions of the HC1Q model cannot be classically efficiently sampled within a multiplicative error unless the polynomial-time hierarchy collapses to the second level. The proof technique is different from those used for previous sub-universal models, such as IQP, Boson Sa"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1711.10605","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:00:35Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"3QWeBbjlpTOCg5HEGhEidk+xF8misl2pZiI26b/9EIvm3eB/fB9nBr9JoeCERO8cr/PP3D9vQGwarciPnz8dBQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-27T23:46:25.498566Z"},"content_sha256":"7b4a9f983cf9d0d37c48ddbe392cb6d073810e3d91b4ce60b2018075e30ba641","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:7b4a9f983cf9d0d37c48ddbe392cb6d073810e3d91b4ce60b2018075e30ba641"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/TLPOFN6O4ZV5QJ3LCHHVUWVQAR/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/TLPOFN6O4ZV5QJ3LCHHVUWVQAR/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/TLPOFN6O4ZV5QJ3LCHHVUWVQAR/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-27T23:46:25Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/TLPOFN6O4ZV5QJ3LCHHVUWVQAR","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/TLPOFN6O4ZV5QJ3LCHHVUWVQAR/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/TLPOFN6O4ZV5QJ3LCHHVUWVQAR/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/TLPOFN6O4ZV5QJ3LCHHVUWVQAR/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2017:TLPOFN6O4ZV5QJ3LCHHVUWVQAR","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"8b0f0a2741e74e98117bfbb3e50b3413bb0cf05080b837d0a7f197ee6a5f056d","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CC"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"quant-ph","submitted_at":"2017-11-28T23:05:52Z","title_canon_sha256":"8345daa3d03b05a5a91ab8b7cebcf5ddd1394960039188c4918b8df25d426d4f"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1711.10605","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1711.10605","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:00:35Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1711.10605v3","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:00:35Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1711.10605","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:00:35Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"TLPOFN6O4ZV5","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"TLPOFN6O4ZV5QJ3L","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"TLPOFN6O","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:46Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:7b4a9f983cf9d0d37c48ddbe392cb6d073810e3d91b4ce60b2018075e30ba641","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:00:35Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We introduce a simple sub-universal quantum computing model, which we call the Hadamard-classical circuit with one-qubit (HC1Q) model. It consists of a classical reversible circuit sandwiched by two layers of Hadamard gates, and therefore it is in the second level of the Fourier hierarchy. We show that output probability distributions of the HC1Q model cannot be classically efficiently sampled within a multiplicative error unless the polynomial-time hierarchy collapses to the second level. The proof technique is different from those used for previous sub-universal models, such as IQP, Boson Sa","authors_text":"Harumichi Nishimura, Tomoyuki Morimae, Yuki Takeuchi","cross_cats":["cs.CC"],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"quant-ph","submitted_at":"2017-11-28T23:05:52Z","title":"Merlin-Arthur with efficient quantum Merlin and quantum supremacy for the second level of the Fourier hierarchy"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1711.10605","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:6ecdf7e0c6b0bfa9441d8700ce5bc4e8a2d67e6494ab34825403268a1ab07cc2","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:00:35Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"8b0f0a2741e74e98117bfbb3e50b3413bb0cf05080b837d0a7f197ee6a5f056d","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CC"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"quant-ph","submitted_at":"2017-11-28T23:05:52Z","title_canon_sha256":"8345daa3d03b05a5a91ab8b7cebcf5ddd1394960039188c4918b8df25d426d4f"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1711.10605","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"canonical_sha256":"9adee2b7cee66bd8276b11cf5a5ab004791ef3c9ff9ab9a772ed5fe8f98b9fa8","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"9adee2b7cee66bd8276b11cf5a5ab004791ef3c9ff9ab9a772ed5fe8f98b9fa8","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:00:35.386745Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:00:35.386745Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"2A+PZyJ7N/h90HJSFcbKJc7QUEY6tcRM/DL1FPbFOcbUMxxLU3r5OY9Tj2KujDi3WTkTrDQOWHLG6p+WTg29AQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:00:35.387301Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1711.10605","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":3}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:6ecdf7e0c6b0bfa9441d8700ce5bc4e8a2d67e6494ab34825403268a1ab07cc2","sha256:7b4a9f983cf9d0d37c48ddbe392cb6d073810e3d91b4ce60b2018075e30ba641"],"state_sha256":"b0821c2de709a4034e0492cf62f42b7edc06b31acb1e21ba1c05636e1c983539"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"5cD4HWsaGcB2/gF4XIxRP19DNPK0tX9buMavL8QJJFdSVE1VJdV/fARhZVtciAop62NcdFNynBdiED7myxntDw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-27T23:46:25.501651Z","bundle_sha256":"1cad46a19129b435a2db8f134d7ad455cf8ee1700a5066b64cb2b4774f05dad5"}}