{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2003:TLR6GFYRXBQTJ2LN5VL3FVA5RL","short_pith_number":"pith:TLR6GFYR","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"astro-ph/0303324","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"","primary_cat":"astro-ph","submitted_at":"2003-03-14T13:54:08Z","cross_cats_sorted":["nlin.CD"],"title_canon_sha256":"7a5dd2aea372ca094c83b6c434374c932430d8d27a1dfa30271e0750d6b5a822","abstract_canon_sha256":"b106e9f0765df05c8080d9994b0b794cccbbefc1f7283707e89347b7bcc197df"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"9ae3e31711b86134e96ded57b2d41d8ace287e08a283fcc154187b42067f63e2","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"astro-ph/0303324","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"astro-ph/0303324","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:36:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"astro-ph/0303324v2","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:36:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.astro-ph/0303324","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:36:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"TLR6GFYRXBQT","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:36:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"TLR6GFYRXBQTJ2LN","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:36:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"TLR6GFYR","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:36:40Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2003:TLR6GFYRXBQTJ2LN5VL3FVA5RL","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"astro-ph/0303324","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"","primary_cat":"astro-ph","submitted_at":"2003-03-14T13:54:08Z","cross_cats_sorted":["nlin.CD"],"title_canon_sha256":"7a5dd2aea372ca094c83b6c434374c932430d8d27a1dfa30271e0750d6b5a822","abstract_canon_sha256":"b106e9f0765df05c8080d9994b0b794cccbbefc1f7283707e89347b7bcc197df"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"9ae3e31711b86134e96ded57b2d41d8ace287e08a283fcc154187b42067f63e2","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-04T16:36:40.166766Z","signature_b64":"gq9vQutbY8zlQvBme3UXbTP31VjPcwkmfJguwo9EHTDU3nuS7gg+MBk9DCX+moxITPVh841FKyuJ3O4W+18OAQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"9ae3e31711b86134e96ded57b2d41d8ace287e08a283fcc154187b42067f63e2","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-04T16:36:40.166266Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-04T16:36:40.166266Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"astro-ph/0303324","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-04T16:36:40Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"wWNeiNPEPB52rk8gv6czTIukzD62hzJIhDlfirC8+kea7JOLigWd5EsdccclKX1Dz0+CZxfSSg6A/Eupn8ukCw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-12T04:22:40.616295Z"},"content_sha256":"cf89fc6c47b167aa3b8ced393066b1c7da0f7c44f5fa9ca931c4dd5269d3fc93","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:cf89fc6c47b167aa3b8ced393066b1c7da0f7c44f5fa9ca931c4dd5269d3fc93"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2003:TLR6GFYRXBQTJ2LN5VL3FVA5RL","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Bottleneck effect in three-dimensional turbulence simulations","license":"","headline":"","cross_cats":["nlin.CD"],"primary_cat":"astro-ph","authors_text":"Axel Brandenburg, Nils Erland L. Haugen, Tarek A. Yousef, Wolfgang Dobler","submitted_at":"2003-03-14T13:54:08Z","abstract_excerpt":"At numerical resolutions around $512^3$ and above, three-dimensional energy spectra from turbulence simulations begin to show noticeably shallower spectra than $k^{-5/3}$ near the dissipation wavenumber (`bottleneck effect'). This effect is shown to be significantly weaker in one-dimensional spectra such as those obtained in wind tunnel turbulence. The difference can be understood in terms of the transformation between one-dimensional and three-dimensional energy spectra under the assumption that the turbulent velocity field is isotropic. Transversal and longitudinal energy spectra are similar"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"astro-ph/0303324","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/astro-ph/0303324/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-04T16:36:40Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"gY5fzfUaD0+baXFfI4OivBR54gc//tskffqI2szuMzS/0dJF1/bFdePf1AvU0vk1OjD8hfgazt/wPlVUBtqiBA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-12T04:22:40.617492Z"},"content_sha256":"b01970a8a0fc734612b753c5e1def4aad847863dbee7a7e8fa026f93096ac7d6","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:b01970a8a0fc734612b753c5e1def4aad847863dbee7a7e8fa026f93096ac7d6"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/TLR6GFYRXBQTJ2LN5VL3FVA5RL/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/TLR6GFYRXBQTJ2LN5VL3FVA5RL/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/TLR6GFYRXBQTJ2LN5VL3FVA5RL/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-12T04:22:40Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/TLR6GFYRXBQTJ2LN5VL3FVA5RL","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/TLR6GFYRXBQTJ2LN5VL3FVA5RL/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/TLR6GFYRXBQTJ2LN5VL3FVA5RL/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/TLR6GFYRXBQTJ2LN5VL3FVA5RL/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2003:TLR6GFYRXBQTJ2LN5VL3FVA5RL","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"b106e9f0765df05c8080d9994b0b794cccbbefc1f7283707e89347b7bcc197df","cross_cats_sorted":["nlin.CD"],"license":"","primary_cat":"astro-ph","submitted_at":"2003-03-14T13:54:08Z","title_canon_sha256":"7a5dd2aea372ca094c83b6c434374c932430d8d27a1dfa30271e0750d6b5a822"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"astro-ph/0303324","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"astro-ph/0303324","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:36:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"astro-ph/0303324v2","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:36:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.astro-ph/0303324","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:36:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"TLR6GFYRXBQT","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:36:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"TLR6GFYRXBQTJ2LN","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:36:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"TLR6GFYR","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:36:40Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:b01970a8a0fc734612b753c5e1def4aad847863dbee7a7e8fa026f93096ac7d6","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:36:40Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/astro-ph/0303324/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"At numerical resolutions around $512^3$ and above, three-dimensional energy spectra from turbulence simulations begin to show noticeably shallower spectra than $k^{-5/3}$ near the dissipation wavenumber (`bottleneck effect'). This effect is shown to be significantly weaker in one-dimensional spectra such as those obtained in wind tunnel turbulence. The difference can be understood in terms of the transformation between one-dimensional and three-dimensional energy spectra under the assumption that the turbulent velocity field is isotropic. Transversal and longitudinal energy spectra are similar","authors_text":"Axel Brandenburg, Nils Erland L. Haugen, Tarek A. Yousef, Wolfgang Dobler","cross_cats":["nlin.CD"],"headline":"","license":"","primary_cat":"astro-ph","submitted_at":"2003-03-14T13:54:08Z","title":"Bottleneck effect in three-dimensional turbulence simulations"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"astro-ph/0303324","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:cf89fc6c47b167aa3b8ced393066b1c7da0f7c44f5fa9ca931c4dd5269d3fc93","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:36:40Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"b106e9f0765df05c8080d9994b0b794cccbbefc1f7283707e89347b7bcc197df","cross_cats_sorted":["nlin.CD"],"license":"","primary_cat":"astro-ph","submitted_at":"2003-03-14T13:54:08Z","title_canon_sha256":"7a5dd2aea372ca094c83b6c434374c932430d8d27a1dfa30271e0750d6b5a822"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"astro-ph/0303324","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"9ae3e31711b86134e96ded57b2d41d8ace287e08a283fcc154187b42067f63e2","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"9ae3e31711b86134e96ded57b2d41d8ace287e08a283fcc154187b42067f63e2","first_computed_at":"2026-07-04T16:36:40.166266Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-04T16:36:40.166266Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"gq9vQutbY8zlQvBme3UXbTP31VjPcwkmfJguwo9EHTDU3nuS7gg+MBk9DCX+moxITPVh841FKyuJ3O4W+18OAQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-04T16:36:40.166766Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"astro-ph/0303324","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:cf89fc6c47b167aa3b8ced393066b1c7da0f7c44f5fa9ca931c4dd5269d3fc93","sha256:b01970a8a0fc734612b753c5e1def4aad847863dbee7a7e8fa026f93096ac7d6"],"state_sha256":"f1e1c4831cbf257b81de1cb555c2f0028eb4878223df6b92bacdd451ebdf87cd"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"OVf0kx91Tf2ziw3PvYPzp5VYsWWDfmRUtwesZ+wcrT+i9o3EocYut9lInVeZ+Lx/AF7lQH3o8RVibsnQKbaSBg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-12T04:22:40.638052Z","bundle_sha256":"501515619dd9e398ea4d316b7aed6abff99ce94df24f789bdb5e5774fd66486f"}}