{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2018:TLVDLUWGEU3ELZJD2LD7ZNFDZP","short_pith_number":"pith:TLVDLUWG","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1802.01623","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.soc-ph","submitted_at":"2018-02-05T19:54:44Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"bed568d7a7f69d7b9d663d0cb2e746daf0dc186b32e8044320ae676db5d8a8f0","abstract_canon_sha256":"5ac7b490c8552d9b7ba2e33183e20d4664ee46a2b3f719d78dd27bbbc95230d0"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"9aea35d2c6253645e523d2c7fcb4a3cbc3e82caf8c0baa40fc9d2d6b7b339d1e","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1802.01623","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1802.01623","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:24:21Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1802.01623v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:24:21Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1802.01623","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:24:21Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"TLVDLUWGEU3E","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"TLVDLUWGEU3ELZJD","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"TLVDLUWG","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:53Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2018:TLVDLUWGEU3ELZJD2LD7ZNFDZP","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1802.01623","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.soc-ph","submitted_at":"2018-02-05T19:54:44Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"bed568d7a7f69d7b9d663d0cb2e746daf0dc186b32e8044320ae676db5d8a8f0","abstract_canon_sha256":"5ac7b490c8552d9b7ba2e33183e20d4664ee46a2b3f719d78dd27bbbc95230d0"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"9aea35d2c6253645e523d2c7fcb4a3cbc3e82caf8c0baa40fc9d2d6b7b339d1e","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:24:21.859258Z","signature_b64":"OF+YxY54PNmb8AXD+XpNxm20ImK1Kzq9g9Dq+Hk+T5KkMMJ6DnWrCiL6pkqcoEFTlTCvqko850MnO3g1HmdWBg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"9aea35d2c6253645e523d2c7fcb4a3cbc3e82caf8c0baa40fc9d2d6b7b339d1e","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:24:21.858823Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:24:21.858823Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1802.01623","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:24:21Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"4KpWAalMoT/WZxjILbWPb9E1C+pC20YGD5240NcELgjGoeevN58NbZwpTUjG4s9X0PEiALSD3pRMItISSH63Dg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-27T11:15:19.858005Z"},"content_sha256":"841622dbdeee95d3e636eca0ee37536092c24d5add1e5b23fb34d3b965a72658","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:841622dbdeee95d3e636eca0ee37536092c24d5add1e5b23fb34d3b965a72658"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2018:TLVDLUWGEU3ELZJD2LD7ZNFDZP","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Cost-optimal design of a simplified highly renewable Chinese electricity network","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"physics.soc-ph","authors_text":"Gorm Bruun Andresen, Hailiang Liu, Martin Greiner","submitted_at":"2018-02-05T19:54:44Z","abstract_excerpt":"Rapid economic growth in China has lead to an increasing energy demand in the country. In combination with China's emission control and clean air initiatives, it has resulted in large-scale expansion of the leading renewable energy technologies, wind and solar power. Their intermittent nature and uneven geographic distribution, however, raises the question of how to best exploit them in a future sustainable electricity system, where their combined production may very well exceed that of all other technologies. It is well known that interconnecting distant regions provides more favorable produc"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1802.01623","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:24:21Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"objN9GSvKPlFAd8rQKu6cDMpK7A7GsNB6KGmdsbHoKUHRYyGjKYBQcfgcDMaLBy651W7pCDQ7aAFYrkBuDAfBA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-27T11:15:19.858589Z"},"content_sha256":"e7bed56cb672a799ef9e971c3d38aa8c53c601e6e3e9f7abee3f05465e33068d","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:e7bed56cb672a799ef9e971c3d38aa8c53c601e6e3e9f7abee3f05465e33068d"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/TLVDLUWGEU3ELZJD2LD7ZNFDZP/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/TLVDLUWGEU3ELZJD2LD7ZNFDZP/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/TLVDLUWGEU3ELZJD2LD7ZNFDZP/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-27T11:15:19Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/TLVDLUWGEU3ELZJD2LD7ZNFDZP","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/TLVDLUWGEU3ELZJD2LD7ZNFDZP/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/TLVDLUWGEU3ELZJD2LD7ZNFDZP/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/TLVDLUWGEU3ELZJD2LD7ZNFDZP/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2018:TLVDLUWGEU3ELZJD2LD7ZNFDZP","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"5ac7b490c8552d9b7ba2e33183e20d4664ee46a2b3f719d78dd27bbbc95230d0","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.soc-ph","submitted_at":"2018-02-05T19:54:44Z","title_canon_sha256":"bed568d7a7f69d7b9d663d0cb2e746daf0dc186b32e8044320ae676db5d8a8f0"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1802.01623","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1802.01623","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:24:21Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1802.01623v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:24:21Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1802.01623","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:24:21Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"TLVDLUWGEU3E","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"TLVDLUWGEU3ELZJD","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"TLVDLUWG","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:53Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:e7bed56cb672a799ef9e971c3d38aa8c53c601e6e3e9f7abee3f05465e33068d","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:24:21Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Rapid economic growth in China has lead to an increasing energy demand in the country. In combination with China's emission control and clean air initiatives, it has resulted in large-scale expansion of the leading renewable energy technologies, wind and solar power. Their intermittent nature and uneven geographic distribution, however, raises the question of how to best exploit them in a future sustainable electricity system, where their combined production may very well exceed that of all other technologies. It is well known that interconnecting distant regions provides more favorable produc","authors_text":"Gorm Bruun Andresen, Hailiang Liu, Martin Greiner","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.soc-ph","submitted_at":"2018-02-05T19:54:44Z","title":"Cost-optimal design of a simplified highly renewable Chinese electricity network"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1802.01623","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:841622dbdeee95d3e636eca0ee37536092c24d5add1e5b23fb34d3b965a72658","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:24:21Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"5ac7b490c8552d9b7ba2e33183e20d4664ee46a2b3f719d78dd27bbbc95230d0","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.soc-ph","submitted_at":"2018-02-05T19:54:44Z","title_canon_sha256":"bed568d7a7f69d7b9d663d0cb2e746daf0dc186b32e8044320ae676db5d8a8f0"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1802.01623","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"9aea35d2c6253645e523d2c7fcb4a3cbc3e82caf8c0baa40fc9d2d6b7b339d1e","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"9aea35d2c6253645e523d2c7fcb4a3cbc3e82caf8c0baa40fc9d2d6b7b339d1e","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:24:21.858823Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:24:21.858823Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"OF+YxY54PNmb8AXD+XpNxm20ImK1Kzq9g9Dq+Hk+T5KkMMJ6DnWrCiL6pkqcoEFTlTCvqko850MnO3g1HmdWBg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:24:21.859258Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1802.01623","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:841622dbdeee95d3e636eca0ee37536092c24d5add1e5b23fb34d3b965a72658","sha256:e7bed56cb672a799ef9e971c3d38aa8c53c601e6e3e9f7abee3f05465e33068d"],"state_sha256":"b0e3c2fee20e120247ac5abc5d0eab25e276c9afb1171ff5a97a04235b845173"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"B/KbIYZT6LFxbTAOd/8TuhlQyoVRGTDKfqboNlcYJHMhQZhqNdcW+1zz5s6koh556hoT051hZM13F0zBHcVYDA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-27T11:15:19.861222Z","bundle_sha256":"cefb89b772bbc3dcaa52f330c2c1b7e46fd4321e9a9ae8e71bf42decf9f7ab80"}}