{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2021:TLW5GYRMXUZAGCIQT4M6MENKI3","short_pith_number":"pith:TLW5GYRM","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2101.07990","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.HC","submitted_at":"2021-01-20T06:27:40Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"269e9803c5adcb780f66b0a190dbee62152ff2b6de1a21b5be445ea1645656de","abstract_canon_sha256":"c4bd5e2c6928dc95286d858640398f101021b21bdeeaba8f6f7be51bb8f01fbe"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"9aedd3622cbd320309109f19e611aa46fe1006da0089af8694fc7226203c266a","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2101.07990","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2101.07990","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:08:24Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2101.07990v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:08:24Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2101.07990","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:08:24Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"TLW5GYRMXUZA","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:08:24Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"TLW5GYRMXUZAGCIQ","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:08:24Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"TLW5GYRM","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:08:24Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2021:TLW5GYRMXUZAGCIQT4M6MENKI3","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2101.07990","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.HC","submitted_at":"2021-01-20T06:27:40Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"269e9803c5adcb780f66b0a190dbee62152ff2b6de1a21b5be445ea1645656de","abstract_canon_sha256":"c4bd5e2c6928dc95286d858640398f101021b21bdeeaba8f6f7be51bb8f01fbe"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"9aedd3622cbd320309109f19e611aa46fe1006da0089af8694fc7226203c266a","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T02:08:24.146074Z","signature_b64":"YjZDmm/jJhXTvoTvlZ4z+7qqeHCS9ZnX7EZn1KJJ6MXsLxvfnnW3zT480smGhcDX3+CKR8kFx59wn4PMoLtFDw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"9aedd3622cbd320309109f19e611aa46fe1006da0089af8694fc7226203c266a","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T02:08:24.145494Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T02:08:24.145494Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2101.07990","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T02:08:24Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"A/ovCuE0ZaoaVdOaXD4MD8RNK0Vvsm17XvZS9ZPTGnKjfxlAtCpVhCKpegjwh4C0oi72gF6do6GuvfI9rcCmAw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-11T21:50:58.731986Z"},"content_sha256":"a25790c4fc8dccd4ccfac5e5572ac0329a8edd59bd9e658d5bdce1732399961d","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:a25790c4fc8dccd4ccfac5e5572ac0329a8edd59bd9e658d5bdce1732399961d"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2021:TLW5GYRMXUZAGCIQT4M6MENKI3","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"A Visual Analytics Approach to Facilitate the Proctoring of Online Exams","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.HC","authors_text":"Haotian Li, Huamin Qu, Huan Wei, Min Xu, Yong Wang","submitted_at":"2021-01-20T06:27:40Z","abstract_excerpt":"Online exams have become widely used to evaluate students' performance in mastering knowledge in recent years, especially during the pandemic of COVID-19. However, it is challenging to conduct proctoring for online exams due to the lack of face-to-face interaction. Also, prior research has shown that online exams are more vulnerable to various cheating behaviors, which can damage their credibility. This paper presents a novel visual analytics approach to facilitate the proctoring of online exams by analyzing the exam video records and mouse movement data of each student. Specifically, we detec"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2101.07990","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2101.07990/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T02:08:24Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"mZnqvk5SEqTdfArg697EnnexLFQf29eMwupFjpTUVE+HiUIoFFbbaIaMjKuzy6obtQ+gC63xexI2zxDU9KeRDg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-11T21:50:58.732380Z"},"content_sha256":"5f06863d2db1638af720205bdfd43b6c06c6e0eec074e92bbf476a5427835a11","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:5f06863d2db1638af720205bdfd43b6c06c6e0eec074e92bbf476a5427835a11"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/TLW5GYRMXUZAGCIQT4M6MENKI3/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/TLW5GYRMXUZAGCIQT4M6MENKI3/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/TLW5GYRMXUZAGCIQT4M6MENKI3/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-11T21:50:58Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/TLW5GYRMXUZAGCIQT4M6MENKI3","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/TLW5GYRMXUZAGCIQT4M6MENKI3/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/TLW5GYRMXUZAGCIQT4M6MENKI3/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/TLW5GYRMXUZAGCIQT4M6MENKI3/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2021:TLW5GYRMXUZAGCIQT4M6MENKI3","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"c4bd5e2c6928dc95286d858640398f101021b21bdeeaba8f6f7be51bb8f01fbe","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.HC","submitted_at":"2021-01-20T06:27:40Z","title_canon_sha256":"269e9803c5adcb780f66b0a190dbee62152ff2b6de1a21b5be445ea1645656de"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2101.07990","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2101.07990","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:08:24Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2101.07990v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:08:24Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2101.07990","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:08:24Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"TLW5GYRMXUZA","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:08:24Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"TLW5GYRMXUZAGCIQ","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:08:24Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"TLW5GYRM","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:08:24Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:5f06863d2db1638af720205bdfd43b6c06c6e0eec074e92bbf476a5427835a11","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:08:24Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2101.07990/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Online exams have become widely used to evaluate students' performance in mastering knowledge in recent years, especially during the pandemic of COVID-19. However, it is challenging to conduct proctoring for online exams due to the lack of face-to-face interaction. Also, prior research has shown that online exams are more vulnerable to various cheating behaviors, which can damage their credibility. This paper presents a novel visual analytics approach to facilitate the proctoring of online exams by analyzing the exam video records and mouse movement data of each student. Specifically, we detec","authors_text":"Haotian Li, Huamin Qu, Huan Wei, Min Xu, Yong Wang","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.HC","submitted_at":"2021-01-20T06:27:40Z","title":"A Visual Analytics Approach to Facilitate the Proctoring of Online Exams"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2101.07990","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:a25790c4fc8dccd4ccfac5e5572ac0329a8edd59bd9e658d5bdce1732399961d","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:08:24Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"c4bd5e2c6928dc95286d858640398f101021b21bdeeaba8f6f7be51bb8f01fbe","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.HC","submitted_at":"2021-01-20T06:27:40Z","title_canon_sha256":"269e9803c5adcb780f66b0a190dbee62152ff2b6de1a21b5be445ea1645656de"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2101.07990","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"9aedd3622cbd320309109f19e611aa46fe1006da0089af8694fc7226203c266a","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"9aedd3622cbd320309109f19e611aa46fe1006da0089af8694fc7226203c266a","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T02:08:24.145494Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T02:08:24.145494Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"YjZDmm/jJhXTvoTvlZ4z+7qqeHCS9ZnX7EZn1KJJ6MXsLxvfnnW3zT480smGhcDX3+CKR8kFx59wn4PMoLtFDw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T02:08:24.146074Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2101.07990","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:a25790c4fc8dccd4ccfac5e5572ac0329a8edd59bd9e658d5bdce1732399961d","sha256:5f06863d2db1638af720205bdfd43b6c06c6e0eec074e92bbf476a5427835a11"],"state_sha256":"93d746f5277c9ca41b1f9f0f7c8430b546ec60cfb1a3416ec59d7f441e87d52d"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"aHopaxT7kWz+s2B2ar0jglsZtZmzHuMPbMTwo1V9PJv4cpJsPwFO5Cxi+k6YV82I5HCb/wqkL8KKEBpp694rBw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-11T21:50:58.735130Z","bundle_sha256":"d1b2bb767b0c8005760df6ab17cba99cc9a83efcda24c3875a08c4372969b8b1"}}