{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2009:TMLMTIYMRTXB6BKAZGXPWVDICV","short_pith_number":"pith:TMLMTIYM","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"0903.2792","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.IT","submitted_at":"2009-03-16T16:16:42Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CL","cs.SI","math.IT"],"title_canon_sha256":"35b303b8e4797801d6999eccdec60938c41272f489c60ee8dcec4b6b6ad5eab2","abstract_canon_sha256":"b95d679392dd84080e1fd0f8282dff93bec0d4b6900fc3b7c38252567cccdb37"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"9b16c9a30c8cee1f0540c9aefb5468157d30dacd22cb30c8ef75c6732f429e7c","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"0903.2792","version":3},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"0903.2792","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:27:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"0903.2792v3","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:27:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.0903.2792","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:27:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"TMLMTIYMRTXB","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:01Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"TMLMTIYMRTXB6BKA","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:01Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"TMLMTIYM","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:01Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2009:TMLMTIYMRTXB6BKAZGXPWVDICV","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"0903.2792","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.IT","submitted_at":"2009-03-16T16:16:42Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CL","cs.SI","math.IT"],"title_canon_sha256":"35b303b8e4797801d6999eccdec60938c41272f489c60ee8dcec4b6b6ad5eab2","abstract_canon_sha256":"b95d679392dd84080e1fd0f8282dff93bec0d4b6900fc3b7c38252567cccdb37"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"9b16c9a30c8cee1f0540c9aefb5468157d30dacd22cb30c8ef75c6732f429e7c","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T04:27:47.934471Z","signature_b64":"vbTqqjrViVSAoKcw3SR4ubsS8SQBJvPA97Fg4HlDJv7GPgBiWlhNSnu6uyLrr1E9rEKIcDRsFfHUKyKoTZ0CCA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"9b16c9a30c8cee1f0540c9aefb5468157d30dacd22cb30c8ef75c6732f429e7c","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T04:27:47.933889Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T04:27:47.933889Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"0903.2792","source_version":3,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T04:27:47Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"GshEx6BuOPyQlLeKW0pUO7rIS9tHB1hx+VU1wRYIiiLpxctxxjsSl3BYLk3MzzU59SuFocmIfet8FmcTAs/pBw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-02T11:21:20.327691Z"},"content_sha256":"2ca42f985a6920d4e727f569516bb480b8d9b3690f782cc7d372b8a72a0a0257","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:2ca42f985a6920d4e727f569516bb480b8d9b3690f782cc7d372b8a72a0a0257"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2009:TMLMTIYMRTXB6BKAZGXPWVDICV","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Thermodynamics of Information Retrieval","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.CL","cs.SI","math.IT"],"primary_cat":"cs.IT","authors_text":"Elka Koroutcheva, Jian Shen, Kostadin Koroutchev, Manuel Cebrian","submitted_at":"2009-03-16T16:16:42Z","abstract_excerpt":"In this work, we suggest a parameterized statistical model (the gamma distribution) for the frequency of word occurrences in long strings of English text and use this model to build a corresponding thermodynamic picture by constructing the partition function. We then use our partition function to compute thermodynamic quantities such as the free energy and the specific heat. In this approach, the parameters of the word frequency model vary from word to word so that each word has a different corresponding thermodynamics and we suggest that differences in the specific heat reflect differences in"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"0903.2792","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T04:27:47Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"VqmdSx4rGpGNGOcWgyldvuOrcaaCZN1ahLMDfyNGI8g42KA39RY1HKrvkSyeJzA7c2yMX+PXsnmZcqaA6gpoAw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-02T11:21:20.328051Z"},"content_sha256":"c9d06fe14c82376d44b0f9f01f606b6c9a8430a178a505fc6308495a79890405","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:c9d06fe14c82376d44b0f9f01f606b6c9a8430a178a505fc6308495a79890405"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/TMLMTIYMRTXB6BKAZGXPWVDICV/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/TMLMTIYMRTXB6BKAZGXPWVDICV/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/TMLMTIYMRTXB6BKAZGXPWVDICV/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-02T11:21:20Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/TMLMTIYMRTXB6BKAZGXPWVDICV","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/TMLMTIYMRTXB6BKAZGXPWVDICV/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/TMLMTIYMRTXB6BKAZGXPWVDICV/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/TMLMTIYMRTXB6BKAZGXPWVDICV/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2009:TMLMTIYMRTXB6BKAZGXPWVDICV","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"b95d679392dd84080e1fd0f8282dff93bec0d4b6900fc3b7c38252567cccdb37","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CL","cs.SI","math.IT"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.IT","submitted_at":"2009-03-16T16:16:42Z","title_canon_sha256":"35b303b8e4797801d6999eccdec60938c41272f489c60ee8dcec4b6b6ad5eab2"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"0903.2792","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"0903.2792","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:27:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"0903.2792v3","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:27:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.0903.2792","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:27:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"TMLMTIYMRTXB","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:01Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"TMLMTIYMRTXB6BKA","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:01Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"TMLMTIYM","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:01Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:c9d06fe14c82376d44b0f9f01f606b6c9a8430a178a505fc6308495a79890405","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:27:47Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"In this work, we suggest a parameterized statistical model (the gamma distribution) for the frequency of word occurrences in long strings of English text and use this model to build a corresponding thermodynamic picture by constructing the partition function. We then use our partition function to compute thermodynamic quantities such as the free energy and the specific heat. In this approach, the parameters of the word frequency model vary from word to word so that each word has a different corresponding thermodynamics and we suggest that differences in the specific heat reflect differences in","authors_text":"Elka Koroutcheva, Jian Shen, Kostadin Koroutchev, Manuel Cebrian","cross_cats":["cs.CL","cs.SI","math.IT"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.IT","submitted_at":"2009-03-16T16:16:42Z","title":"Thermodynamics of Information Retrieval"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"0903.2792","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:2ca42f985a6920d4e727f569516bb480b8d9b3690f782cc7d372b8a72a0a0257","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:27:47Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"b95d679392dd84080e1fd0f8282dff93bec0d4b6900fc3b7c38252567cccdb37","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CL","cs.SI","math.IT"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.IT","submitted_at":"2009-03-16T16:16:42Z","title_canon_sha256":"35b303b8e4797801d6999eccdec60938c41272f489c60ee8dcec4b6b6ad5eab2"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"0903.2792","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"canonical_sha256":"9b16c9a30c8cee1f0540c9aefb5468157d30dacd22cb30c8ef75c6732f429e7c","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"9b16c9a30c8cee1f0540c9aefb5468157d30dacd22cb30c8ef75c6732f429e7c","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T04:27:47.933889Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T04:27:47.933889Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"vbTqqjrViVSAoKcw3SR4ubsS8SQBJvPA97Fg4HlDJv7GPgBiWlhNSnu6uyLrr1E9rEKIcDRsFfHUKyKoTZ0CCA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T04:27:47.934471Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"0903.2792","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":3}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:2ca42f985a6920d4e727f569516bb480b8d9b3690f782cc7d372b8a72a0a0257","sha256:c9d06fe14c82376d44b0f9f01f606b6c9a8430a178a505fc6308495a79890405"],"state_sha256":"a56a14b0d3a519f3a4a4e05d199529e510d064faeda5c2200144517efb93542d"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"UxxeXuuCqYZsAGrqJft8xz9UmBPYuPQq9txDKSkJy4Sibke9PyR08smvYcdlqOu6iFi7gChdlQZmWKHxI7MMAA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-02T11:21:20.330076Z","bundle_sha256":"1608603710d17d0cd98d22cf8c2beb5e3bd8dd8a7f100e6556f5a90487af08c3"}}