{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2020:TNUFQEJ6CNZYVVNE2YBNMO47MM","short_pith_number":"pith:TNUFQEJ6","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2004.08369","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"hep-th","submitted_at":"2020-04-16T17:57:17Z","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.CO","gr-qc"],"title_canon_sha256":"ef32078314fc132584d1b4cb26e3f49d85f24914de37e2e86aa04f8fd485e715","abstract_canon_sha256":"6c775e7914adb62f906537b79274d4713085b1bacb17a87f98818265fb3a6ec1"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"9b6858113e13738ad5a4d602d63b9f6306b20e21e780be464b3a4ea7267e87c9","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2004.08369","version":3},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2004.08369","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:02:22Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2004.08369v3","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:02:22Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2004.08369","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:02:22Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"TNUFQEJ6CNZY","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:02:22Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"TNUFQEJ6CNZYVVNE","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:02:22Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"TNUFQEJ6","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:02:22Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2020:TNUFQEJ6CNZYVVNE2YBNMO47MM","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2004.08369","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"hep-th","submitted_at":"2020-04-16T17:57:17Z","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.CO","gr-qc"],"title_canon_sha256":"ef32078314fc132584d1b4cb26e3f49d85f24914de37e2e86aa04f8fd485e715","abstract_canon_sha256":"6c775e7914adb62f906537b79274d4713085b1bacb17a87f98818265fb3a6ec1"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"9b6858113e13738ad5a4d602d63b9f6306b20e21e780be464b3a4ea7267e87c9","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T06:02:22.471444Z","signature_b64":"GWu+dwLWJdI2GM93TNIeuqqZbRI3L1Ed9tE0WFQ8xvYjiY3yNYz1kReIopYELPA0/vmgFyI8wSoZj0KCCC9bDQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"9b6858113e13738ad5a4d602d63b9f6306b20e21e780be464b3a4ea7267e87c9","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T06:02:22.470918Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T06:02:22.470918Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2004.08369","source_version":3,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T06:02:22Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"cmq/93IshOLbl/VxFT+ZTz/YAo1VPW4IcDQSDDvh2MshHLrv8x/QvkTBDnIzSlJKgsSKDiFV+p7QPaMwQs5pDw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-15T11:12:05.640001Z"},"content_sha256":"8e2cdb20949ba929e7891fbed0d08f3e71117f6977bef2d98c18ac8fcd14a0cb","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:8e2cdb20949ba929e7891fbed0d08f3e71117f6977bef2d98c18ac8fcd14a0cb"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2020:TNUFQEJ6CNZYVVNE2YBNMO47MM","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Turning in the landscape: a new mechanism for generating Primordial Black Holes","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["astro-ph.CO","gr-qc"],"primary_cat":"hep-th","authors_text":"Jacopo Fumagalli, John W. Ronayne, Lukas T. Witkowski, S\\'ebastien Renaux-Petel","submitted_at":"2020-04-16T17:57:17Z","abstract_excerpt":"We propose a new model-independent mechanism for producing primordial black holes from a period of multi-field inflation. This requires an enhancement of primordial fluctuations at short scales compared to their value at CMB scales. We show that such an amplification naturally occurs when the inflationary trajectory exhibits a strong turn, that is a limited period during which the trajectory strongly deviates from a geodesic in field space, and is sufficient for subsequently producing primordial black holes with the abundance to be all or a fraction of dark matter. Our mechanism is generic to "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2004.08369","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2004.08369/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T06:02:22Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"nJnMMlWpIcf67MAdJov0/kCFzgkWwGIUoqaIyy5xLY2pD4rDzPrG6IOmB9D3MNdeXux/PSRuVcL6d0EcyWYrCw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-15T11:12:05.640575Z"},"content_sha256":"37db88877aa79780da30072df0073daf601f68b75215e7c649d6e78f5c4ff74a","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:37db88877aa79780da30072df0073daf601f68b75215e7c649d6e78f5c4ff74a"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/TNUFQEJ6CNZYVVNE2YBNMO47MM/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/TNUFQEJ6CNZYVVNE2YBNMO47MM/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/TNUFQEJ6CNZYVVNE2YBNMO47MM/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-15T11:12:05Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/TNUFQEJ6CNZYVVNE2YBNMO47MM","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/TNUFQEJ6CNZYVVNE2YBNMO47MM/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/TNUFQEJ6CNZYVVNE2YBNMO47MM/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/TNUFQEJ6CNZYVVNE2YBNMO47MM/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2020:TNUFQEJ6CNZYVVNE2YBNMO47MM","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"6c775e7914adb62f906537b79274d4713085b1bacb17a87f98818265fb3a6ec1","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.CO","gr-qc"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"hep-th","submitted_at":"2020-04-16T17:57:17Z","title_canon_sha256":"ef32078314fc132584d1b4cb26e3f49d85f24914de37e2e86aa04f8fd485e715"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2004.08369","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2004.08369","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:02:22Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2004.08369v3","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:02:22Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2004.08369","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:02:22Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"TNUFQEJ6CNZY","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:02:22Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"TNUFQEJ6CNZYVVNE","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:02:22Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"TNUFQEJ6","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:02:22Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:37db88877aa79780da30072df0073daf601f68b75215e7c649d6e78f5c4ff74a","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:02:22Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2004.08369/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We propose a new model-independent mechanism for producing primordial black holes from a period of multi-field inflation. This requires an enhancement of primordial fluctuations at short scales compared to their value at CMB scales. We show that such an amplification naturally occurs when the inflationary trajectory exhibits a strong turn, that is a limited period during which the trajectory strongly deviates from a geodesic in field space, and is sufficient for subsequently producing primordial black holes with the abundance to be all or a fraction of dark matter. Our mechanism is generic to ","authors_text":"Jacopo Fumagalli, John W. Ronayne, Lukas T. Witkowski, S\\'ebastien Renaux-Petel","cross_cats":["astro-ph.CO","gr-qc"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"hep-th","submitted_at":"2020-04-16T17:57:17Z","title":"Turning in the landscape: a new mechanism for generating Primordial Black Holes"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2004.08369","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:8e2cdb20949ba929e7891fbed0d08f3e71117f6977bef2d98c18ac8fcd14a0cb","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:02:22Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"6c775e7914adb62f906537b79274d4713085b1bacb17a87f98818265fb3a6ec1","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.CO","gr-qc"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"hep-th","submitted_at":"2020-04-16T17:57:17Z","title_canon_sha256":"ef32078314fc132584d1b4cb26e3f49d85f24914de37e2e86aa04f8fd485e715"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2004.08369","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"canonical_sha256":"9b6858113e13738ad5a4d602d63b9f6306b20e21e780be464b3a4ea7267e87c9","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"9b6858113e13738ad5a4d602d63b9f6306b20e21e780be464b3a4ea7267e87c9","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T06:02:22.470918Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T06:02:22.470918Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"GWu+dwLWJdI2GM93TNIeuqqZbRI3L1Ed9tE0WFQ8xvYjiY3yNYz1kReIopYELPA0/vmgFyI8wSoZj0KCCC9bDQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T06:02:22.471444Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2004.08369","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":3}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:8e2cdb20949ba929e7891fbed0d08f3e71117f6977bef2d98c18ac8fcd14a0cb","sha256:37db88877aa79780da30072df0073daf601f68b75215e7c649d6e78f5c4ff74a"],"state_sha256":"62fdb9b7176bf5fe0e103ef8ca85c92927caa374189686aa7f79f66060c8f57c"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"gAImR6WD8asnLt7BiBr1vOf3suQP/B2Gcs8JnyOzh0qME0r4AuziJXaYN4LlW5gdH6coR1ZDH2q9V4RgPBbEDg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-15T11:12:05.645019Z","bundle_sha256":"27ef7a6441cacc234687777e274ab2cd1ba2ea784dd3e645ebf446c13a3f0b86"}}