{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2012:TNWY44GFK4OUX5OJHDA3U3O5HU","short_pith_number":"pith:TNWY44GF","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1206.6292","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.gen-ph","submitted_at":"2012-06-26T16:08:58Z","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.hist-ph"],"title_canon_sha256":"2f3d16feb15b6eaa133851656a1d2235ec80802db6d5b2eab0f02a03a92bc6f7","abstract_canon_sha256":"0277439a7d684aec450955bc0cda90abd5570a811eb0bff6fd9b9378b62b50bf"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"9b6d8e70c5571d4bf5c938c1ba6ddd3d3c0b56fb6c533ec163aba126928dd32e","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1206.6292","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1206.6292","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:52:27Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1206.6292v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:52:27Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1206.6292","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:52:27Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"TNWY44GFK4OU","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:23Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"TNWY44GFK4OUX5OJ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:23Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"TNWY44GF","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:23Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2012:TNWY44GFK4OUX5OJHDA3U3O5HU","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1206.6292","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.gen-ph","submitted_at":"2012-06-26T16:08:58Z","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.hist-ph"],"title_canon_sha256":"2f3d16feb15b6eaa133851656a1d2235ec80802db6d5b2eab0f02a03a92bc6f7","abstract_canon_sha256":"0277439a7d684aec450955bc0cda90abd5570a811eb0bff6fd9b9378b62b50bf"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"9b6d8e70c5571d4bf5c938c1ba6ddd3d3c0b56fb6c533ec163aba126928dd32e","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T03:52:27.092126Z","signature_b64":"bX3Ly4k8KvlwaRa5jDT8zhpSPFlQHh0nlFTgI1E7jjht/pZs1bKYla1FAAtR1lqdioat43zYQ+iSsylAwWtsAQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"9b6d8e70c5571d4bf5c938c1ba6ddd3d3c0b56fb6c533ec163aba126928dd32e","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T03:52:27.091260Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T03:52:27.091260Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1206.6292","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T03:52:27Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"5Y4BBhWCjaLQgcEommYxXz8w9mUCYXl6nI+78qWplRh5unZiU+7+7jBURyDUnJi29UI4X2cHGhsPV2CMIiNsCw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-01T07:37:18.344833Z"},"content_sha256":"36251b9834b7a675fcd95f0817a6f25208b6558839211c34c231352902ff8d43","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:36251b9834b7a675fcd95f0817a6f25208b6558839211c34c231352902ff8d43"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2012:TNWY44GFK4OUX5OJHDA3U3O5HU","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Observability and Computability in Physical Systems","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["physics.hist-ph"],"primary_cat":"physics.gen-ph","authors_text":"Subhash Kak","submitted_at":"2012-06-26T16:08:58Z","abstract_excerpt":"This paper considers the relevance of the concepts of observability and computability in physical theory. Observability is related to verifiability which is essential for effective computing and as physical systems are computational systems it is important even where explicit computation is not the goal. Specifically, we examine two problems: observability and computability for quantum computing, and remote measurement of time and frequency."},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1206.6292","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T03:52:27Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"63l6nQT+oC6vmXDeAsikm5sw6Tr/8lQUdVgZVPInhX4Oh2YvPra/Av4ZTY8dFH7fw38bobhzQTUwqpQUKL9sCg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-01T07:37:18.345182Z"},"content_sha256":"b454930460e4f2eaac29ee01429e619911ab22f92815d0ff62123923222b1f78","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:b454930460e4f2eaac29ee01429e619911ab22f92815d0ff62123923222b1f78"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/TNWY44GFK4OUX5OJHDA3U3O5HU/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/TNWY44GFK4OUX5OJHDA3U3O5HU/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/TNWY44GFK4OUX5OJHDA3U3O5HU/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-01T07:37:18Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/TNWY44GFK4OUX5OJHDA3U3O5HU","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/TNWY44GFK4OUX5OJHDA3U3O5HU/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/TNWY44GFK4OUX5OJHDA3U3O5HU/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/TNWY44GFK4OUX5OJHDA3U3O5HU/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2012:TNWY44GFK4OUX5OJHDA3U3O5HU","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"0277439a7d684aec450955bc0cda90abd5570a811eb0bff6fd9b9378b62b50bf","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.hist-ph"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.gen-ph","submitted_at":"2012-06-26T16:08:58Z","title_canon_sha256":"2f3d16feb15b6eaa133851656a1d2235ec80802db6d5b2eab0f02a03a92bc6f7"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1206.6292","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1206.6292","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:52:27Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1206.6292v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:52:27Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1206.6292","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:52:27Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"TNWY44GFK4OU","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:23Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"TNWY44GFK4OUX5OJ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:23Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"TNWY44GF","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:23Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:b454930460e4f2eaac29ee01429e619911ab22f92815d0ff62123923222b1f78","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:52:27Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"This paper considers the relevance of the concepts of observability and computability in physical theory. Observability is related to verifiability which is essential for effective computing and as physical systems are computational systems it is important even where explicit computation is not the goal. Specifically, we examine two problems: observability and computability for quantum computing, and remote measurement of time and frequency.","authors_text":"Subhash Kak","cross_cats":["physics.hist-ph"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.gen-ph","submitted_at":"2012-06-26T16:08:58Z","title":"Observability and Computability in Physical Systems"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1206.6292","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:36251b9834b7a675fcd95f0817a6f25208b6558839211c34c231352902ff8d43","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:52:27Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"0277439a7d684aec450955bc0cda90abd5570a811eb0bff6fd9b9378b62b50bf","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.hist-ph"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.gen-ph","submitted_at":"2012-06-26T16:08:58Z","title_canon_sha256":"2f3d16feb15b6eaa133851656a1d2235ec80802db6d5b2eab0f02a03a92bc6f7"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1206.6292","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"9b6d8e70c5571d4bf5c938c1ba6ddd3d3c0b56fb6c533ec163aba126928dd32e","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"9b6d8e70c5571d4bf5c938c1ba6ddd3d3c0b56fb6c533ec163aba126928dd32e","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T03:52:27.091260Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T03:52:27.091260Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"bX3Ly4k8KvlwaRa5jDT8zhpSPFlQHh0nlFTgI1E7jjht/pZs1bKYla1FAAtR1lqdioat43zYQ+iSsylAwWtsAQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T03:52:27.092126Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1206.6292","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:36251b9834b7a675fcd95f0817a6f25208b6558839211c34c231352902ff8d43","sha256:b454930460e4f2eaac29ee01429e619911ab22f92815d0ff62123923222b1f78"],"state_sha256":"0623d2f59d7e43af9d6443ad723bb78ecb98ee782558e1b18ac416787dea4c9d"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"OrWyBQohg5gmw5heyc4MOzauRcM3swQHsOhQp0hYuaphCrLO/fYosPCcHStXs84bPBAUOih5OtkCB0nTkFHmDg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-01T07:37:18.347581Z","bundle_sha256":"0894a5cbd886121439397f7ee1f5905723d434ea7ec982979854093d583921a0"}}