{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2019:TOEQ5Q6AXGKVICC2CVG6MYC27D","short_pith_number":"pith:TOEQ5Q6A","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1905.12196","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.optics","submitted_at":"2019-05-29T03:26:01Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"8030d20f573efee5c6d7e24884b9b1659a6b7526aa0db7742c1a72bd974c7b28","abstract_canon_sha256":"a35dc1444fc83b39b7d7247f1d8194a3e79ff422fa89e25ca67a0c645ceb807a"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"9b890ec3c0b99554085a154de6605af8e8c170af0cc26d6b937ae9377bfe82d0","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1905.12196","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1905.12196","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:43:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1905.12196v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:43:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1905.12196","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:43:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"TOEQ5Q6AXGKV","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:43:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"TOEQ5Q6AXGKVICC2","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:43:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"TOEQ5Q6A","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:43:33Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2019:TOEQ5Q6AXGKVICC2CVG6MYC27D","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1905.12196","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.optics","submitted_at":"2019-05-29T03:26:01Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"8030d20f573efee5c6d7e24884b9b1659a6b7526aa0db7742c1a72bd974c7b28","abstract_canon_sha256":"a35dc1444fc83b39b7d7247f1d8194a3e79ff422fa89e25ca67a0c645ceb807a"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"9b890ec3c0b99554085a154de6605af8e8c170af0cc26d6b937ae9377bfe82d0","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T00:43:33.604385Z","signature_b64":"9L1seZimJpORAeQHWaS1XKhSjeECwAo+mMaS2sIK/fyJanF2Txh1KOIzPpKRqqv1AHn2C8lyP8gv8a1TJdGzDQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"9b890ec3c0b99554085a154de6605af8e8c170af0cc26d6b937ae9377bfe82d0","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T00:43:33.603893Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T00:43:33.603893Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1905.12196","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T00:43:33Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"t7uUomeniUMGuzzwn7XtX6a0l2oIU/3NdsE6xoEF9OfC/kaptWXfB43C9inOVKL8yKKQF+pvtOf5xOB5FkACAw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-07T00:07:43.857793Z"},"content_sha256":"867ec648362afd897c8b46f397a19c75b750b095b4e5348e570f209c804d7bc6","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:867ec648362afd897c8b46f397a19c75b750b095b4e5348e570f209c804d7bc6"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2019:TOEQ5Q6AXGKVICC2CVG6MYC27D","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Photonic refrigeration from time-modulated thermal emission","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"physics.optics","authors_text":"Shanhui Fan, Siddharth Buddhiraju, Wei Li","submitted_at":"2019-05-29T03:26:01Z","abstract_excerpt":"Active photonic cooling is of significant importance to realize robust, compact, vibration-free, all-solid-state refrigeration. Currently proposed photonic cooling approaches are based on luminescence and impose stringent requirements on luminescence efficiency. We propose a new photonic cooling mechanism arising from temporal modulation of thermal emission. We show that this mechanism has a high thermodynamic performance that can approach the Carnot limit and yet does not rely on luminescence. Further, our work opens exciting new avenues in active, time-modulated control of thermal emission f"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1905.12196","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/1905.12196/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T00:43:33Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"OU0r1hQKNpDgCZBKM7qnNgG2hba1fO1WcFRefuEqOud5XfRZIlJY8S3MR/zrcg6agSrZrm7mZCEtuaHhbq1cBQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-07T00:07:43.858749Z"},"content_sha256":"fc343edefbbe461a69146497eb63beefda5f7d64bc90a8070b15101c2c32b394","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:fc343edefbbe461a69146497eb63beefda5f7d64bc90a8070b15101c2c32b394"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/TOEQ5Q6AXGKVICC2CVG6MYC27D/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/TOEQ5Q6AXGKVICC2CVG6MYC27D/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/TOEQ5Q6AXGKVICC2CVG6MYC27D/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-07T00:07:43Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/TOEQ5Q6AXGKVICC2CVG6MYC27D","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/TOEQ5Q6AXGKVICC2CVG6MYC27D/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/TOEQ5Q6AXGKVICC2CVG6MYC27D/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/TOEQ5Q6AXGKVICC2CVG6MYC27D/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2019:TOEQ5Q6AXGKVICC2CVG6MYC27D","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"a35dc1444fc83b39b7d7247f1d8194a3e79ff422fa89e25ca67a0c645ceb807a","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.optics","submitted_at":"2019-05-29T03:26:01Z","title_canon_sha256":"8030d20f573efee5c6d7e24884b9b1659a6b7526aa0db7742c1a72bd974c7b28"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1905.12196","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1905.12196","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:43:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1905.12196v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:43:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1905.12196","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:43:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"TOEQ5Q6AXGKV","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:43:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"TOEQ5Q6AXGKVICC2","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:43:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"TOEQ5Q6A","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:43:33Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:fc343edefbbe461a69146497eb63beefda5f7d64bc90a8070b15101c2c32b394","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:43:33Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/1905.12196/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Active photonic cooling is of significant importance to realize robust, compact, vibration-free, all-solid-state refrigeration. Currently proposed photonic cooling approaches are based on luminescence and impose stringent requirements on luminescence efficiency. We propose a new photonic cooling mechanism arising from temporal modulation of thermal emission. We show that this mechanism has a high thermodynamic performance that can approach the Carnot limit and yet does not rely on luminescence. Further, our work opens exciting new avenues in active, time-modulated control of thermal emission f","authors_text":"Shanhui Fan, Siddharth Buddhiraju, Wei Li","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.optics","submitted_at":"2019-05-29T03:26:01Z","title":"Photonic refrigeration from time-modulated thermal emission"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1905.12196","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:867ec648362afd897c8b46f397a19c75b750b095b4e5348e570f209c804d7bc6","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:43:33Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"a35dc1444fc83b39b7d7247f1d8194a3e79ff422fa89e25ca67a0c645ceb807a","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.optics","submitted_at":"2019-05-29T03:26:01Z","title_canon_sha256":"8030d20f573efee5c6d7e24884b9b1659a6b7526aa0db7742c1a72bd974c7b28"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1905.12196","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"9b890ec3c0b99554085a154de6605af8e8c170af0cc26d6b937ae9377bfe82d0","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"9b890ec3c0b99554085a154de6605af8e8c170af0cc26d6b937ae9377bfe82d0","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T00:43:33.603893Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T00:43:33.603893Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"9L1seZimJpORAeQHWaS1XKhSjeECwAo+mMaS2sIK/fyJanF2Txh1KOIzPpKRqqv1AHn2C8lyP8gv8a1TJdGzDQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T00:43:33.604385Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1905.12196","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:867ec648362afd897c8b46f397a19c75b750b095b4e5348e570f209c804d7bc6","sha256:fc343edefbbe461a69146497eb63beefda5f7d64bc90a8070b15101c2c32b394"],"state_sha256":"28e080321fd963b2b344abd817761a02c52912f3bb17ea19b26e56b95f6b1e04"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"RGpdMa53pAZEXjbOoaTOEus4OBM4Vni5ik0le5D6V5hBCnJ1XJD4n5kSTK/iQ7TytBwC5U7KSGpDWBtFpAkXBw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-07T00:07:43.948981Z","bundle_sha256":"03aeaa8f610e12054e0ffcd29f6f689d37956758a0f3f3637f14c3e57fa326dd"}}