{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2024:TPP7ZCJANO3WLQC6XRBKL664ZI","short_pith_number":"pith:TPP7ZCJA","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2411.02280","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2024-11-04T17:09:10Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.LG"],"title_canon_sha256":"51a2054797267b157914c1f271d41f4b965bed72c64dae8a4ac2d2f6c0725a28","abstract_canon_sha256":"55ce18dd5cbdb95290d3cdaa29db23075030fc5cd59801bab0a5488274ed2cd5"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"9bdffc89206bb765c05ebc42a5fbdcca33d4e5b14f970e60578ed310688d8cd8","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2411.02280","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2411.02280","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:13:44Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2411.02280v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:13:44Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2411.02280","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:13:44Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"TPP7ZCJANO3W","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:13:44Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"TPP7ZCJANO3WLQC6","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:13:44Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"TPP7ZCJA","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:13:44Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2024:TPP7ZCJANO3WLQC6XRBKL664ZI","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2411.02280","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2024-11-04T17:09:10Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.LG"],"title_canon_sha256":"51a2054797267b157914c1f271d41f4b965bed72c64dae8a4ac2d2f6c0725a28","abstract_canon_sha256":"55ce18dd5cbdb95290d3cdaa29db23075030fc5cd59801bab0a5488274ed2cd5"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"9bdffc89206bb765c05ebc42a5fbdcca33d4e5b14f970e60578ed310688d8cd8","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T10:13:44.558772Z","signature_b64":"KBMpk1PXKKHgvw3tZswDd+3e+lgoVMeHCQF+cyD7Y2qhH985o0+voQ3f3XhgoKxA4FXH2HoVcrCaW0gX5xWiCQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"9bdffc89206bb765c05ebc42a5fbdcca33d4e5b14f970e60578ed310688d8cd8","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T10:13:44.558296Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T10:13:44.558296Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2411.02280","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T10:13:44Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"WYwJ+b8JDxuYtmtjy/MyyNFkhK6vmsS4oA9u8TQBWRxCrM20r/ROSQVkgll2YLOCScemIdZZV6L2uPV699QgDQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-05T14:58:56.876699Z"},"content_sha256":"ab96bfd071ccc8fb754cc63c44e45b7b15f227c08cb6c20fbc1ab57405136c26","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:ab96bfd071ccc8fb754cc63c44e45b7b15f227c08cb6c20fbc1ab57405136c26"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2024:TPP7ZCJANO3WLQC6XRBKL664ZI","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"The LLM Language Network: A Neuroscientific Approach for Identifying Causally Task-Relevant Units","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.LG"],"primary_cat":"cs.CL","authors_text":"Antoine Bosselut, Badr AlKhamissi, Greta Tuckute, Martin Schrimpf","submitted_at":"2024-11-04T17:09:10Z","abstract_excerpt":"Large language models (LLMs) exhibit remarkable capabilities on not just language tasks, but also various tasks that are not linguistic in nature, such as logical reasoning and social inference. In the human brain, neuroscience has identified a core language system that selectively and causally supports language processing. We here ask whether similar specialization for language emerges in LLMs. We identify language-selective units within 18 popular LLMs, using the same localization approach that is used in neuroscience. We then establish the causal role of these units by demonstrating that ab"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2411.02280","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2411.02280/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T10:13:44Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"NenvvJ20aRyvashYLKGHZOYh6aDvx8chQVpTATeO7Zex7iUquvXCbewBVAGwBKKNWOL1Up2+45N8TVpCXRQeDA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-05T14:58:56.877224Z"},"content_sha256":"23341d06a3e20d0e3289695cf58be13474779245340f0114fd4de6493c152942","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:23341d06a3e20d0e3289695cf58be13474779245340f0114fd4de6493c152942"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/TPP7ZCJANO3WLQC6XRBKL664ZI/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/TPP7ZCJANO3WLQC6XRBKL664ZI/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/TPP7ZCJANO3WLQC6XRBKL664ZI/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-05T14:58:56Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/TPP7ZCJANO3WLQC6XRBKL664ZI","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/TPP7ZCJANO3WLQC6XRBKL664ZI/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/TPP7ZCJANO3WLQC6XRBKL664ZI/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/TPP7ZCJANO3WLQC6XRBKL664ZI/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2024:TPP7ZCJANO3WLQC6XRBKL664ZI","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"55ce18dd5cbdb95290d3cdaa29db23075030fc5cd59801bab0a5488274ed2cd5","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.LG"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2024-11-04T17:09:10Z","title_canon_sha256":"51a2054797267b157914c1f271d41f4b965bed72c64dae8a4ac2d2f6c0725a28"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2411.02280","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2411.02280","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:13:44Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2411.02280v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:13:44Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2411.02280","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:13:44Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"TPP7ZCJANO3W","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:13:44Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"TPP7ZCJANO3WLQC6","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:13:44Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"TPP7ZCJA","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:13:44Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:23341d06a3e20d0e3289695cf58be13474779245340f0114fd4de6493c152942","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:13:44Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2411.02280/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Large language models (LLMs) exhibit remarkable capabilities on not just language tasks, but also various tasks that are not linguistic in nature, such as logical reasoning and social inference. In the human brain, neuroscience has identified a core language system that selectively and causally supports language processing. We here ask whether similar specialization for language emerges in LLMs. We identify language-selective units within 18 popular LLMs, using the same localization approach that is used in neuroscience. We then establish the causal role of these units by demonstrating that ab","authors_text":"Antoine Bosselut, Badr AlKhamissi, Greta Tuckute, Martin Schrimpf","cross_cats":["cs.LG"],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2024-11-04T17:09:10Z","title":"The LLM Language Network: A Neuroscientific Approach for Identifying Causally Task-Relevant Units"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2411.02280","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:ab96bfd071ccc8fb754cc63c44e45b7b15f227c08cb6c20fbc1ab57405136c26","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:13:44Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"55ce18dd5cbdb95290d3cdaa29db23075030fc5cd59801bab0a5488274ed2cd5","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.LG"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2024-11-04T17:09:10Z","title_canon_sha256":"51a2054797267b157914c1f271d41f4b965bed72c64dae8a4ac2d2f6c0725a28"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2411.02280","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"9bdffc89206bb765c05ebc42a5fbdcca33d4e5b14f970e60578ed310688d8cd8","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"9bdffc89206bb765c05ebc42a5fbdcca33d4e5b14f970e60578ed310688d8cd8","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T10:13:44.558296Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T10:13:44.558296Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"KBMpk1PXKKHgvw3tZswDd+3e+lgoVMeHCQF+cyD7Y2qhH985o0+voQ3f3XhgoKxA4FXH2HoVcrCaW0gX5xWiCQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T10:13:44.558772Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2411.02280","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:ab96bfd071ccc8fb754cc63c44e45b7b15f227c08cb6c20fbc1ab57405136c26","sha256:23341d06a3e20d0e3289695cf58be13474779245340f0114fd4de6493c152942"],"state_sha256":"ed2955e03ac68712be3d17ff56f939d40a3adca41a1bd2fe295e630ad9adbbab"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"H87hXCCfhiddXCDp6RtKpzHRM+F+zRyEXtvjoxPeTcXpmwFh6T4lKQmfYc+vsnWcB2ng6QA3Pub2PdU19S5bAQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-05T14:58:56.881456Z","bundle_sha256":"67593a800dca69c8bac90a998e0b36ab44fc0dbae884e83c14278fbabe06484f"}}