{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2021:TRAAT5T35UQCWYNWFND4GCDJ5S","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"a5b48c754f02286e7aa68e9ede924fc922b737b8b3b2e9eb9414d42ded0bb296","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2021-04-16T14:37:27Z","title_canon_sha256":"7c2be18423f5db89759fe070717fbb52ac15693be0da779dbd57e95ee5b0e5fa"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2104.08139","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2104.08139","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:32:41Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2104.08139v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:32:41Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2104.08139","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:32:41Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"TRAAT5T35UQC","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:32:41Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"TRAAT5T35UQCWYNW","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:32:41Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"TRAAT5T3","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:32:41Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:2dcc00da4f04d9a0555ea41b3f81eb1b3b72b10663d0c4ba39a1180c0a83dd91","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:32:41Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2104.08139/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Adversarial attacks have shown the vulnerability of machine learning models, however, it is non-trivial to conduct textual adversarial attacks on natural language processing tasks due to the discreteness of data. Most previous approaches conduct attacks with the atomic \\textit{replacement} operation, which usually leads to fixed-length adversarial examples and therefore limits the exploration on the decision space. In this paper, we propose variable-length textual adversarial attacks~(VL-Attack) and integrate three atomic operations, namely \\textit{insertion}, \\textit{deletion} and \\textit{rep","authors_text":"Boxing Chen, Enhong Chen, Junliang Guo, Linlin Zhang, Linli Xu, Weihua Luo, Zhirui Zhang","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2021-04-16T14:37:27Z","title":"Towards Variable-Length Textual Adversarial Attacks"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2104.08139","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:9c8649f18fa1c539fd5b809c9af4aad6338c870da36a8add90e05d53c260f7f5","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:32:41Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"a5b48c754f02286e7aa68e9ede924fc922b737b8b3b2e9eb9414d42ded0bb296","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2021-04-16T14:37:27Z","title_canon_sha256":"7c2be18423f5db89759fe070717fbb52ac15693be0da779dbd57e95ee5b0e5fa"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2104.08139","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"9c4009f67bed202b61b62b47c30869ec8db7996599b817cc787e84c97ea0871b","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"9c4009f67bed202b61b62b47c30869ec8db7996599b817cc787e84c97ea0871b","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T02:32:41.400925Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T02:32:41.400925Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"h0Xl6RRG6jxR9IP9XCE6UuAgRQn84GEKIpN5ldlEbi2osC/LW9awSkgxTX81wK2A12Wgt5mP4Mn8wDOmZN9rCA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T02:32:41.401334Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2104.08139","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:9c8649f18fa1c539fd5b809c9af4aad6338c870da36a8add90e05d53c260f7f5","sha256:2dcc00da4f04d9a0555ea41b3f81eb1b3b72b10663d0c4ba39a1180c0a83dd91"],"state_sha256":"85ce1692bfd084feba416bf5f33a089829f16c2749972f93438dff7d629f7e90"}