{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2016:TRFH5ETPKMGJEJ6TUI7Q53Z6S3","short_pith_number":"pith:TRFH5ETP","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1605.06756","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2016-05-22T08:19:49Z","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.GA"],"title_canon_sha256":"fa08511f2c9faeb66ccad85d206aa3c9acf04f5463d3edc11655c5004ed325d9","abstract_canon_sha256":"bb80671d12943515372d1737ce2d35141c301d022fa5ba4b71f791b2fb1ab9fd"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"9c4a7e926f530c9227d3a23f0eef3e96e3103a5d1daf415a623545ddd762f349","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1605.06756","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1605.06756","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:10:29Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1605.06756v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:10:29Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1605.06756","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:10:29Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"TRFH5ETPKMGJ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"TRFH5ETPKMGJEJ6T","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"TRFH5ETP","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:46Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2016:TRFH5ETPKMGJEJ6TUI7Q53Z6S3","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1605.06756","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2016-05-22T08:19:49Z","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.GA"],"title_canon_sha256":"fa08511f2c9faeb66ccad85d206aa3c9acf04f5463d3edc11655c5004ed325d9","abstract_canon_sha256":"bb80671d12943515372d1737ce2d35141c301d022fa5ba4b71f791b2fb1ab9fd"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"9c4a7e926f530c9227d3a23f0eef3e96e3103a5d1daf415a623545ddd762f349","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:10:29.494577Z","signature_b64":"mh7QJw+uYnrSqzDzYrCTGvrHkFlvRAWaWCKOJve4HZgslw5YDSzgKFyxVXMY8ruXJSx4Qt59g4QRnMOxRe6UCA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"9c4a7e926f530c9227d3a23f0eef3e96e3103a5d1daf415a623545ddd762f349","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:10:29.494128Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:10:29.494128Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1605.06756","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:10:29Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"7PhgFUuy//SNyylpRugjEyddoHklcc/EpN/v6UOHoK+YHITlnuuC5sNfTUuuaf8nFaliByzzfRGrH5IcAYIpAw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-28T12:59:08.659013Z"},"content_sha256":"731c04c2ac52cb21b653c60d35699e83698bb2c47d23d8aab4623e20841caa3c","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:731c04c2ac52cb21b653c60d35699e83698bb2c47d23d8aab4623e20841caa3c"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2016:TRFH5ETPKMGJEJ6TUI7Q53Z6S3","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"How did the Virgo cluster form?","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["astro-ph.GA"],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","authors_text":"Gustavo Yepes, Jenny G. Sorce, Stefan Gottloeber, Yehuda Hoffman","submitted_at":"2016-05-22T08:19:49Z","abstract_excerpt":"While the Virgo cluster is the nearest galaxy cluster and therefore the best observed one, little is known about its formation history. In this paper, a set of cosmological simulations that resemble the Local Universe is used to shed the first light on this mystery. The initial conditions for these simulations are constrained with galaxy peculiar velocities of the second catalog of the Cosmicflows project using algorithms developed within the Constrained Local UniversE Simulation project. Boxes of 500 Mpc/h on a side are set to run a series of dark matter only constrained simulations. In each "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1605.06756","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:10:29Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"KSZLNawjjrDptq1cMMqEHWSCSCjCdnal3IyhITPZmr+pILX1yGPehMfrIRJVm+yb2NCBZQEWIi7a4jXbrJr/AA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-28T12:59:08.659371Z"},"content_sha256":"a59aab7276ad9a9d1a1531f05ea3881e6bb00f3a0643a4bd3e4749efffb4b3d2","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:a59aab7276ad9a9d1a1531f05ea3881e6bb00f3a0643a4bd3e4749efffb4b3d2"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/TRFH5ETPKMGJEJ6TUI7Q53Z6S3/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/TRFH5ETPKMGJEJ6TUI7Q53Z6S3/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/TRFH5ETPKMGJEJ6TUI7Q53Z6S3/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-28T12:59:08Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/TRFH5ETPKMGJEJ6TUI7Q53Z6S3","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/TRFH5ETPKMGJEJ6TUI7Q53Z6S3/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/TRFH5ETPKMGJEJ6TUI7Q53Z6S3/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/TRFH5ETPKMGJEJ6TUI7Q53Z6S3/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2016:TRFH5ETPKMGJEJ6TUI7Q53Z6S3","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"bb80671d12943515372d1737ce2d35141c301d022fa5ba4b71f791b2fb1ab9fd","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.GA"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2016-05-22T08:19:49Z","title_canon_sha256":"fa08511f2c9faeb66ccad85d206aa3c9acf04f5463d3edc11655c5004ed325d9"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1605.06756","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1605.06756","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:10:29Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1605.06756v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:10:29Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1605.06756","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:10:29Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"TRFH5ETPKMGJ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"TRFH5ETPKMGJEJ6T","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"TRFH5ETP","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:46Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:a59aab7276ad9a9d1a1531f05ea3881e6bb00f3a0643a4bd3e4749efffb4b3d2","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:10:29Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"While the Virgo cluster is the nearest galaxy cluster and therefore the best observed one, little is known about its formation history. In this paper, a set of cosmological simulations that resemble the Local Universe is used to shed the first light on this mystery. The initial conditions for these simulations are constrained with galaxy peculiar velocities of the second catalog of the Cosmicflows project using algorithms developed within the Constrained Local UniversE Simulation project. Boxes of 500 Mpc/h on a side are set to run a series of dark matter only constrained simulations. In each ","authors_text":"Gustavo Yepes, Jenny G. Sorce, Stefan Gottloeber, Yehuda Hoffman","cross_cats":["astro-ph.GA"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2016-05-22T08:19:49Z","title":"How did the Virgo cluster form?"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1605.06756","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:731c04c2ac52cb21b653c60d35699e83698bb2c47d23d8aab4623e20841caa3c","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:10:29Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"bb80671d12943515372d1737ce2d35141c301d022fa5ba4b71f791b2fb1ab9fd","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.GA"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2016-05-22T08:19:49Z","title_canon_sha256":"fa08511f2c9faeb66ccad85d206aa3c9acf04f5463d3edc11655c5004ed325d9"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1605.06756","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"9c4a7e926f530c9227d3a23f0eef3e96e3103a5d1daf415a623545ddd762f349","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"9c4a7e926f530c9227d3a23f0eef3e96e3103a5d1daf415a623545ddd762f349","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:10:29.494128Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:10:29.494128Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"mh7QJw+uYnrSqzDzYrCTGvrHkFlvRAWaWCKOJve4HZgslw5YDSzgKFyxVXMY8ruXJSx4Qt59g4QRnMOxRe6UCA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:10:29.494577Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1605.06756","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:731c04c2ac52cb21b653c60d35699e83698bb2c47d23d8aab4623e20841caa3c","sha256:a59aab7276ad9a9d1a1531f05ea3881e6bb00f3a0643a4bd3e4749efffb4b3d2"],"state_sha256":"77bffc0b4ab1603fecaf20c86fa5fd76c7bb68631f05d90425d8b997e31d900b"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"Nl3LuDYA73mspvNvLHOx1A1ft9LFtwKCBVywJnhqz/TSu2o6ouVX8pUZY15sK5FuykClyy7t+ZPMJX8OvCjbCA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-28T12:59:08.661327Z","bundle_sha256":"463cc21e3480f95b51e19d676ab2bab803c7c6f19d01db702181da0e4071af60"}}