{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2016:TSQNUMYKOEXNZCW46NQKKO3N42","short_pith_number":"pith:TSQNUMYK","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1603.00097","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"q-bio.NC","submitted_at":"2016-02-29T23:52:46Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"fb3dce057680d68d1bbd334d6f7c34f7cf724a8ea846b950a86905471f41ade6","abstract_canon_sha256":"7ac9dab9a8865ae327b7b4b2c88ee3a96757be76212eb067fd89147c784a192d"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"9ca0da330a712edc8adcf360a53b6de680e890fb539fe9503e5906225f1aa7fc","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1603.00097","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1603.00097","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:24:45Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1603.00097v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:24:45Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1603.00097","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:24:45Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"TSQNUMYKOEXN","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"TSQNUMYKOEXNZCW4","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"TSQNUMYK","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:46Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2016:TSQNUMYKOEXNZCW46NQKKO3N42","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1603.00097","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"q-bio.NC","submitted_at":"2016-02-29T23:52:46Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"fb3dce057680d68d1bbd334d6f7c34f7cf724a8ea846b950a86905471f41ade6","abstract_canon_sha256":"7ac9dab9a8865ae327b7b4b2c88ee3a96757be76212eb067fd89147c784a192d"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"9ca0da330a712edc8adcf360a53b6de680e890fb539fe9503e5906225f1aa7fc","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:24:45.384504Z","signature_b64":"+Qsk4MeXNmVFKBC81676rS0YANY8wA47/EqFRuOZt/WeJfkpD1nQRZGv7ZOWkY4/3opDIu9ny5VZuCVhQI3+CA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"9ca0da330a712edc8adcf360a53b6de680e890fb539fe9503e5906225f1aa7fc","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:24:45.383825Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:24:45.383825Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1603.00097","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:24:45Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"rLo8P3qnYme9DcdnCghZmsulhVAQW+f/2stQ3rrf3E31wnH/1SUv3Lsf/l8SS4sgShdBREiylgTFF+EUSsVVAQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-16T20:05:14.123124Z"},"content_sha256":"4bad3c845502222684ea638481740de5e94f8fc0954224dd5cc1bc1a917d616c","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:4bad3c845502222684ea638481740de5e94f8fc0954224dd5cc1bc1a917d616c"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2016:TSQNUMYKOEXNZCW46NQKKO3N42","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Signatures of criticality arise in simple neural population models with correlations","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"q-bio.NC","authors_text":"Christian Behrens, Jakob H Macke, Marcel Nonnenmacher, Matthias Bethge, Philipp Berens","submitted_at":"2016-02-29T23:52:46Z","abstract_excerpt":"Large-scale recordings of neuronal activity make it possible to gain insights into the collective activity of neural ensembles. It has been hypothesized that neural populations might be optimized to operate at a 'thermodynamic critical point', and that this property has implications for information processing. Support for this notion has come from a series of studies which identified statistical signatures of criticality in the ensemble activity of retinal ganglion cells. What are the underlying mechanisms that give rise to these observations? Here we show that signatures of criticality arise "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1603.00097","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:24:45Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"s2u+HLTmrCbhTkLf+srHj+iA/Vxoc1Nyr+2serOzH1sUnClCuzCsWlv1avTHX6D9qg0o6i+DhArkc2eWKUNGBQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-16T20:05:14.123566Z"},"content_sha256":"294c439e5e955b8131553eca7cfe6c2eda11f5a08d6d08257b9c577dc2d99c4c","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:294c439e5e955b8131553eca7cfe6c2eda11f5a08d6d08257b9c577dc2d99c4c"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/TSQNUMYKOEXNZCW46NQKKO3N42/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/TSQNUMYKOEXNZCW46NQKKO3N42/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/TSQNUMYKOEXNZCW46NQKKO3N42/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-16T20:05:14Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/TSQNUMYKOEXNZCW46NQKKO3N42","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/TSQNUMYKOEXNZCW46NQKKO3N42/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/TSQNUMYKOEXNZCW46NQKKO3N42/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/TSQNUMYKOEXNZCW46NQKKO3N42/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2016:TSQNUMYKOEXNZCW46NQKKO3N42","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"7ac9dab9a8865ae327b7b4b2c88ee3a96757be76212eb067fd89147c784a192d","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"q-bio.NC","submitted_at":"2016-02-29T23:52:46Z","title_canon_sha256":"fb3dce057680d68d1bbd334d6f7c34f7cf724a8ea846b950a86905471f41ade6"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1603.00097","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1603.00097","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:24:45Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1603.00097v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:24:45Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1603.00097","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:24:45Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"TSQNUMYKOEXN","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"TSQNUMYKOEXNZCW4","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"TSQNUMYK","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:46Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:294c439e5e955b8131553eca7cfe6c2eda11f5a08d6d08257b9c577dc2d99c4c","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:24:45Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Large-scale recordings of neuronal activity make it possible to gain insights into the collective activity of neural ensembles. It has been hypothesized that neural populations might be optimized to operate at a 'thermodynamic critical point', and that this property has implications for information processing. Support for this notion has come from a series of studies which identified statistical signatures of criticality in the ensemble activity of retinal ganglion cells. What are the underlying mechanisms that give rise to these observations? Here we show that signatures of criticality arise ","authors_text":"Christian Behrens, Jakob H Macke, Marcel Nonnenmacher, Matthias Bethge, Philipp Berens","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"q-bio.NC","submitted_at":"2016-02-29T23:52:46Z","title":"Signatures of criticality arise in simple neural population models with correlations"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1603.00097","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:4bad3c845502222684ea638481740de5e94f8fc0954224dd5cc1bc1a917d616c","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:24:45Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"7ac9dab9a8865ae327b7b4b2c88ee3a96757be76212eb067fd89147c784a192d","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"q-bio.NC","submitted_at":"2016-02-29T23:52:46Z","title_canon_sha256":"fb3dce057680d68d1bbd334d6f7c34f7cf724a8ea846b950a86905471f41ade6"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1603.00097","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"9ca0da330a712edc8adcf360a53b6de680e890fb539fe9503e5906225f1aa7fc","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"9ca0da330a712edc8adcf360a53b6de680e890fb539fe9503e5906225f1aa7fc","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:24:45.383825Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:24:45.383825Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"+Qsk4MeXNmVFKBC81676rS0YANY8wA47/EqFRuOZt/WeJfkpD1nQRZGv7ZOWkY4/3opDIu9ny5VZuCVhQI3+CA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:24:45.384504Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1603.00097","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:4bad3c845502222684ea638481740de5e94f8fc0954224dd5cc1bc1a917d616c","sha256:294c439e5e955b8131553eca7cfe6c2eda11f5a08d6d08257b9c577dc2d99c4c"],"state_sha256":"2d17639bb8f3436c823def96b2bcaa87aa369327609bec81da6b8aa2efbf3672"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"K+CDRMC5YQMGybvabwufJP/U6EOoO2ByBGHnG5YxPLDCVYvraqq/fPJZXYeM/hG6iVIDKKl+c0zJfpqlGcloCw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-16T20:05:14.127243Z","bundle_sha256":"46e5433fcb661b850998b88aea1ae3dc2e371168b5b9b5ffe9975c909ebfdd04"}}