{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2017:TU4HLZPSVFAKM2H5VHCDPDSUSU","short_pith_number":"pith:TU4HLZPS","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1702.04477","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"math.ST","submitted_at":"2017-02-15T06:53:03Z","cross_cats_sorted":["stat.TH"],"title_canon_sha256":"7d99affa3e72de59d256ff2b667667126f85ae52c6ae7ea0f0ebd229434b9b88","abstract_canon_sha256":"5ea454dfe9e0f5a355200d70342bd5b687f0eec17dd9ad96c4bc7e99074e4bba"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"9d3875e5f2a940a668fda9c4378e549524a04e243d86b3cc84114aab770967e5","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1702.04477","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1702.04477","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:50:41Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1702.04477v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:50:41Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1702.04477","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:50:41Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"TU4HLZPSVFAK","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"TU4HLZPSVFAKM2H5","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"TU4HLZPS","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:46Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2017:TU4HLZPSVFAKM2H5VHCDPDSUSU","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1702.04477","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"math.ST","submitted_at":"2017-02-15T06:53:03Z","cross_cats_sorted":["stat.TH"],"title_canon_sha256":"7d99affa3e72de59d256ff2b667667126f85ae52c6ae7ea0f0ebd229434b9b88","abstract_canon_sha256":"5ea454dfe9e0f5a355200d70342bd5b687f0eec17dd9ad96c4bc7e99074e4bba"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"9d3875e5f2a940a668fda9c4378e549524a04e243d86b3cc84114aab770967e5","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:50:41.570213Z","signature_b64":"JFpojnhudAJv+WP4JjhGPhMW0C79oK/1uyAxDS2cefRRqQHW9/Z+jSA88lodroxiop3cjxw4AM4L3ipSVNiqDA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"9d3875e5f2a940a668fda9c4378e549524a04e243d86b3cc84114aab770967e5","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:50:41.569635Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:50:41.569635Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1702.04477","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:50:41Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"dzeaJoNGQDtnLalp2/wrHffVEaAN/PCQDVZ39yE4JN5qenOTSIsbyxDYlPze0I6kC31c4kyqtrlCTorKWqVqBQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-26T19:41:22.911456Z"},"content_sha256":"3cc5456379714b90576ef1c9a95677671b570babe6cff856d7e5e1b818ce81fd","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:3cc5456379714b90576ef1c9a95677671b570babe6cff856d7e5e1b818ce81fd"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2017:TU4HLZPSVFAKM2H5VHCDPDSUSU","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"The Multiple Roots Phenomenon in Maximum Likelihood Estimation for Factor Analysis","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["stat.TH"],"primary_cat":"math.ST","authors_text":"Despina Stasi, Donald Richards, Elizabeth Gross, Sonja Petrovi\\'c","submitted_at":"2017-02-15T06:53:03Z","abstract_excerpt":"Multiple root estimation problems in statistical inference arise in many contexts in the literature. In the context of maximum likelihood estimation, the existence of multiple roots causes uncertainty in the computation of maximum likelihood estimators using hill-climbing algorithms, and consequent difficulties in the resulting statistical inference.\n  In this paper, we study the multiple roots phenomenon in maximum likelihood estimation for factor analysis. We prove that the corresponding likelihood equations have uncountably many feasible solutions even in the simplest cases. For the case in"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1702.04477","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:50:41Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"oy2hRfTrA4cjY9P1MgKpOCmTO8jc+o30zHi4mfOFyjx4CKN/hYxlmB8cljTq5MOeYW5chc1eIlx1xcnPLT7mAA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-26T19:41:22.912069Z"},"content_sha256":"c6153a9b70927d771c99a19cd6b6030708dca2964853e00ffd164d2592ec702c","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:c6153a9b70927d771c99a19cd6b6030708dca2964853e00ffd164d2592ec702c"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/TU4HLZPSVFAKM2H5VHCDPDSUSU/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/TU4HLZPSVFAKM2H5VHCDPDSUSU/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/TU4HLZPSVFAKM2H5VHCDPDSUSU/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-26T19:41:22Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/TU4HLZPSVFAKM2H5VHCDPDSUSU","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/TU4HLZPSVFAKM2H5VHCDPDSUSU/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/TU4HLZPSVFAKM2H5VHCDPDSUSU/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/TU4HLZPSVFAKM2H5VHCDPDSUSU/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2017:TU4HLZPSVFAKM2H5VHCDPDSUSU","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"5ea454dfe9e0f5a355200d70342bd5b687f0eec17dd9ad96c4bc7e99074e4bba","cross_cats_sorted":["stat.TH"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"math.ST","submitted_at":"2017-02-15T06:53:03Z","title_canon_sha256":"7d99affa3e72de59d256ff2b667667126f85ae52c6ae7ea0f0ebd229434b9b88"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1702.04477","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1702.04477","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:50:41Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1702.04477v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:50:41Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1702.04477","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:50:41Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"TU4HLZPSVFAK","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"TU4HLZPSVFAKM2H5","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"TU4HLZPS","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:46Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:c6153a9b70927d771c99a19cd6b6030708dca2964853e00ffd164d2592ec702c","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:50:41Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Multiple root estimation problems in statistical inference arise in many contexts in the literature. In the context of maximum likelihood estimation, the existence of multiple roots causes uncertainty in the computation of maximum likelihood estimators using hill-climbing algorithms, and consequent difficulties in the resulting statistical inference.\n  In this paper, we study the multiple roots phenomenon in maximum likelihood estimation for factor analysis. We prove that the corresponding likelihood equations have uncountably many feasible solutions even in the simplest cases. For the case in","authors_text":"Despina Stasi, Donald Richards, Elizabeth Gross, Sonja Petrovi\\'c","cross_cats":["stat.TH"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"math.ST","submitted_at":"2017-02-15T06:53:03Z","title":"The Multiple Roots Phenomenon in Maximum Likelihood Estimation for Factor Analysis"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1702.04477","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:3cc5456379714b90576ef1c9a95677671b570babe6cff856d7e5e1b818ce81fd","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:50:41Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"5ea454dfe9e0f5a355200d70342bd5b687f0eec17dd9ad96c4bc7e99074e4bba","cross_cats_sorted":["stat.TH"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"math.ST","submitted_at":"2017-02-15T06:53:03Z","title_canon_sha256":"7d99affa3e72de59d256ff2b667667126f85ae52c6ae7ea0f0ebd229434b9b88"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1702.04477","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"9d3875e5f2a940a668fda9c4378e549524a04e243d86b3cc84114aab770967e5","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"9d3875e5f2a940a668fda9c4378e549524a04e243d86b3cc84114aab770967e5","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:50:41.569635Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:50:41.569635Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"JFpojnhudAJv+WP4JjhGPhMW0C79oK/1uyAxDS2cefRRqQHW9/Z+jSA88lodroxiop3cjxw4AM4L3ipSVNiqDA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:50:41.570213Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1702.04477","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:3cc5456379714b90576ef1c9a95677671b570babe6cff856d7e5e1b818ce81fd","sha256:c6153a9b70927d771c99a19cd6b6030708dca2964853e00ffd164d2592ec702c"],"state_sha256":"6ba439f916d5f3d3a127f8a8f34f7d69fefd8104241059760488090d16250ae7"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"2fC3rRvGnqBOEONpUNAx/GAjYBAqtYI/RwWCqO/kY7be+hJL1wiJDqjz549AKf9GFfI/OMPIICqvfAX8+lfZCA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-26T19:41:22.915638Z","bundle_sha256":"129435c779cc00bd956684e7fcd0008f924c9a4d12c4593cd5471fd1b9835dcb"}}