{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2026:TWTDRJNYXMXJLV2X5PN3SVT2YV","short_pith_number":"pith:TWTDRJNY","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2607.26843","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.SE","submitted_at":"2026-07-29T12:32:04Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"0bc246682383dc1c79916411db2e52c5421203420531c5e5cfc7d2486041f4ae","abstract_canon_sha256":"d36afda51ead7436b801b65495956ac45f255b186ccf0d3ce6bd35d884f3d513"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"9da638a5b8bb2e95d757ebdbb9567ac5585427764fdd7719529db003681431c0","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2607.26843","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2607.26843","created_at":"2026-07-30T01:22:30Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2607.26843v1","created_at":"2026-07-30T01:22:30Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2607.26843","created_at":"2026-07-30T01:22:30Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"TWTDRJNYXMXJ","created_at":"2026-07-30T01:22:30Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"TWTDRJNYXMXJLV2X","created_at":"2026-07-30T01:22:30Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"TWTDRJNY","created_at":"2026-07-30T01:22:30Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2026:TWTDRJNYXMXJLV2X5PN3SVT2YV","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2607.26843","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.SE","submitted_at":"2026-07-29T12:32:04Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"0bc246682383dc1c79916411db2e52c5421203420531c5e5cfc7d2486041f4ae","abstract_canon_sha256":"d36afda51ead7436b801b65495956ac45f255b186ccf0d3ce6bd35d884f3d513"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"9da638a5b8bb2e95d757ebdbb9567ac5585427764fdd7719529db003681431c0","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"9da638a5b8bb2e95d757ebdbb9567ac5585427764fdd7719529db003681431c0","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-30T01:22:30.626090Z","signature_status":"unsigned_v0","first_computed_at":"2026-07-30T01:22:30.626090Z"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2607.26843","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-30T01:22:30Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"PcttM58fEiDcY0hTFGSC21OGZyrT6KBGv2pOKCYwx5Or9LCn7uTi6FDAbesvQ4MVDvWXlgG4O+5URsMzA1KWDw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-31T23:38:15.195718Z"},"content_sha256":"b92c16ede1153d9ed3144e6501452b57c6526aecd8e6b91a4ee4613178e6e10a","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:b92c16ede1153d9ed3144e6501452b57c6526aecd8e6b91a4ee4613178e6e10a"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2026:TWTDRJNYXMXJLV2X5PN3SVT2YV","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"When Knowledge Changes: Metamorphic Testing of RAG Systems with Mutations","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.SE","authors_text":"Jinhan Kim, Paolo Tonella, Samuele Pasini","submitted_at":"2026-07-29T12:32:04Z","abstract_excerpt":"Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG)-based LLM systems rely on external document corpora that can evolve and change over time. However, current evaluation methodologies (e.g., RAGAS) assess correctness against static snapshots, failing to detect faults when routine updates, factual changes, or noise alter the underlying data. We introduce a metamorphic testing framework that evaluates the consistency of RAG systems under corpus evolution. We formalise a fault taxonomy and 11 mutation operators that systematically perturb the system at both the pre-chunk (retrieval index) and post-chunk (retrie"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2607.26843","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2607.26843/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-30T01:22:30Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"3BHCUIsTvQNbJJKnaQFPcryBUT0xAvOwHLuW2ZrCqApbNkc7LBFCC8XKycjS67rTlcAz6nPryteub92Z5EPqDQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-31T23:38:15.198287Z"},"content_sha256":"5dae91cf4026cc0dbb71b5f12a2e37ce6d4936a27cd1696ed81771bd6c3cf9d0","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:5dae91cf4026cc0dbb71b5f12a2e37ce6d4936a27cd1696ed81771bd6c3cf9d0"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/TWTDRJNYXMXJLV2X5PN3SVT2YV/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/TWTDRJNYXMXJLV2X5PN3SVT2YV/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/TWTDRJNYXMXJLV2X5PN3SVT2YV/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-07-31T23:38:15Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/TWTDRJNYXMXJLV2X5PN3SVT2YV","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/TWTDRJNYXMXJLV2X5PN3SVT2YV/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/TWTDRJNYXMXJLV2X5PN3SVT2YV/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/TWTDRJNYXMXJLV2X5PN3SVT2YV/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2026:TWTDRJNYXMXJLV2X5PN3SVT2YV","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"d36afda51ead7436b801b65495956ac45f255b186ccf0d3ce6bd35d884f3d513","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.SE","submitted_at":"2026-07-29T12:32:04Z","title_canon_sha256":"0bc246682383dc1c79916411db2e52c5421203420531c5e5cfc7d2486041f4ae"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2607.26843","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2607.26843","created_at":"2026-07-30T01:22:30Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2607.26843v1","created_at":"2026-07-30T01:22:30Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2607.26843","created_at":"2026-07-30T01:22:30Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"TWTDRJNYXMXJ","created_at":"2026-07-30T01:22:30Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"TWTDRJNYXMXJLV2X","created_at":"2026-07-30T01:22:30Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"TWTDRJNY","created_at":"2026-07-30T01:22:30Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:5dae91cf4026cc0dbb71b5f12a2e37ce6d4936a27cd1696ed81771bd6c3cf9d0","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-30T01:22:30Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2607.26843/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG)-based LLM systems rely on external document corpora that can evolve and change over time. However, current evaluation methodologies (e.g., RAGAS) assess correctness against static snapshots, failing to detect faults when routine updates, factual changes, or noise alter the underlying data. We introduce a metamorphic testing framework that evaluates the consistency of RAG systems under corpus evolution. We formalise a fault taxonomy and 11 mutation operators that systematically perturb the system at both the pre-chunk (retrieval index) and post-chunk (retrie","authors_text":"Jinhan Kim, Paolo Tonella, Samuele Pasini","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.SE","submitted_at":"2026-07-29T12:32:04Z","title":"When Knowledge Changes: Metamorphic Testing of RAG Systems with Mutations"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2607.26843","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:b92c16ede1153d9ed3144e6501452b57c6526aecd8e6b91a4ee4613178e6e10a","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-30T01:22:30Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"d36afda51ead7436b801b65495956ac45f255b186ccf0d3ce6bd35d884f3d513","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.SE","submitted_at":"2026-07-29T12:32:04Z","title_canon_sha256":"0bc246682383dc1c79916411db2e52c5421203420531c5e5cfc7d2486041f4ae"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2607.26843","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"9da638a5b8bb2e95d757ebdbb9567ac5585427764fdd7719529db003681431c0","receipt":{"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"9da638a5b8bb2e95d757ebdbb9567ac5585427764fdd7719529db003681431c0","first_computed_at":"2026-07-30T01:22:30.626090Z","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-30T01:22:30.626090Z","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_status":"unsigned_v0"},"source_id":"2607.26843","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:b92c16ede1153d9ed3144e6501452b57c6526aecd8e6b91a4ee4613178e6e10a","sha256:5dae91cf4026cc0dbb71b5f12a2e37ce6d4936a27cd1696ed81771bd6c3cf9d0"],"state_sha256":"33afbcf2b88c1aaa47125227425287a45ae6e9f91018839a93e697194e938b4d"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"V3RJzARif09qVlRXevTMqbRwBtGmdc5lJ4V2N4p+TAJdEYWbxEcjGW+u2SWGzp13E7q6nKBtJkkmE0vemyTRBA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-31T23:38:15.204408Z","bundle_sha256":"c86f6fc2399d84ebe0c1d743b21da6c3e11b4b9319e98205953df57f70ae1260"}}