{"record_type":"pith_number_record","schema_url":"https://pith.science/schemas/pith-number/v1.json","pith_number":"pith:2026:TWUZF3NOAYUONJBX56HT3RU6AN","short_pith_number":"pith:TWUZF3NO","schema_version":"1.0","canonical_sha256":"9da992edae0628e6a437ef8f3dc69e036eac273ede966cd8ec51d6a86eb1cd95","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2604.15354","version":3},"attestation_state":"computed","paper":{"title":"What causes the magnetic curvature drift?","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"The curvature drift arises because a particle's gyration in a curving magnetic field is asymmetric, creating a net velocity offset.","cross_cats":["physics.plasm-ph"],"primary_cat":"physics.gen-ph","authors_text":"Johnathan K. Burchill","submitted_at":"2026-04-07T23:46:32Z","abstract_excerpt":"When asked what causes the magnetic curvature drift of a charged-particle moving in a curving magnetic field, people respond that there is an `F-cross-B' motion of the `guiding center' due to the centrifugal force on the particle as it follows the magnetic field line. This and similar explanations `beg the question' by assuming that the particle follows the field line. In a curving magnetic field, however, a particle moving parallel to the field direction soon won't be. The convective rotation of the field along the particle trajectory ensures that the Lorentz force switches on, and the result"},"verification_status":{"content_addressed":true,"pith_receipt":true,"author_attested":false,"weak_author_claims":0,"strong_author_claims":0,"externally_anchored":false,"storage_verified":false,"citation_signatures":0,"replication_records":0,"graph_snapshot":true,"references_resolved":false,"formal_links_present":false},"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2604.15354","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.gen-ph","submitted_at":"2026-04-07T23:46:32Z","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.plasm-ph"],"title_canon_sha256":"1dbc027e1263d7b5544dc155c420ab0b157f70b6732364288e63597008e71929","abstract_canon_sha256":"a00a6b80035d76ffae3d1d8bd9a87124a451d85a2a1f72a30e746b8026a9161b"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-22T01:04:02.491794Z","signature_b64":"74PJ0Y7WrcGb6JT47RAJ096IyW/5xfccWgkslnqA65f1mgt9yaHSxTOj7nhgUmufAMzZhuZvNIESnNLQeKWBCw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"9da992edae0628e6a437ef8f3dc69e036eac273ede966cd8ec51d6a86eb1cd95","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-22T01:04:02.491129Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-22T01:04:02.491129Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"What causes the magnetic curvature drift?","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"The curvature drift arises because a particle's gyration in a curving magnetic field is asymmetric, creating a net velocity offset.","cross_cats":["physics.plasm-ph"],"primary_cat":"physics.gen-ph","authors_text":"Johnathan K. Burchill","submitted_at":"2026-04-07T23:46:32Z","abstract_excerpt":"When asked what causes the magnetic curvature drift of a charged-particle moving in a curving magnetic field, people respond that there is an `F-cross-B' motion of the `guiding center' due to the centrifugal force on the particle as it follows the magnetic field line. This and similar explanations `beg the question' by assuming that the particle follows the field line. In a curving magnetic field, however, a particle moving parallel to the field direction soon won't be. The convective rotation of the field along the particle trajectory ensures that the Lorentz force switches on, and the result"},"claims":{"count":4,"items":[{"kind":"strongest_claim","text":"The gyration is not symmetric about the field vector, and the resulting velocity offset is the curvature drift. This explanation is guided by Newton's second law of motion in vector notation and provides a common framework for the three guiding-centre motions.","source":"verdict.strongest_claim","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C1","attestation":"unclaimed"},{"kind":"weakest_assumption","text":"The convective rotation of the field along the particle trajectory ensures that the Lorentz force switches on and the resulting acceleration rotates the velocity vector back into alignment periodically.","source":"verdict.weakest_assumption","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C2","attestation":"unclaimed"},{"kind":"one_line_summary","text":"Curvature drift results from the Lorentz force triggered by convective rotation of the magnetic field along the particle trajectory, which produces asymmetric gyration and a velocity offset instead of a centrifugal guiding-center force.","source":"verdict.one_line_summary","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C3","attestation":"unclaimed"},{"kind":"headline","text":"The curvature drift arises because a particle's gyration in a curving magnetic field is asymmetric, creating a net velocity offset.","source":"verdict.pith_extraction.headline","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C4","attestation":"unclaimed"}],"snapshot_sha256":"eca5c0c5247a3e6da6de81436194f768218ad47b3451e29075fabbe5d68845d9"},"source":{"id":"2604.15354","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"id":"bdb207d6-a5dd-47b2-b8ff-d7308f456da2","model_set":{"reader":"grok-4.3"},"created_at":"2026-05-10T17:40:28.127262Z","strongest_claim":"The gyration is not symmetric about the field vector, and the resulting velocity offset is the curvature drift. This explanation is guided by Newton's second law of motion in vector notation and provides a common framework for the three guiding-centre motions.","one_line_summary":"Curvature drift results from the Lorentz force triggered by convective rotation of the magnetic field along the particle trajectory, which produces asymmetric gyration and a velocity offset instead of a centrifugal guiding-center force.","pipeline_version":"pith-pipeline@v0.9.0","weakest_assumption":"The convective rotation of the field along the particle trajectory ensures that the Lorentz force switches on and the resulting acceleration rotates the velocity vector back into alignment periodically.","pith_extraction_headline":"The curvature drift arises because a particle's gyration in a curving magnetic field is asymmetric, creating a net velocity offset."},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2604.15354/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2604.15354","created_at":"2026-05-22T01:04:02.491228+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2604.15354v3","created_at":"2026-05-22T01:04:02.491228+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2604.15354","created_at":"2026-05-22T01:04:02.491228+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"TWUZF3NOAYUO","created_at":"2026-05-22T01:04:02.491228+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"TWUZF3NOAYUONJBX","created_at":"2026-05-22T01:04:02.491228+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"TWUZF3NO","created_at":"2026-05-22T01:04:02.491228+00:00"}],"events":[],"event_summary":{},"paper_claims":[],"inbound_citations":{"count":0,"internal_anchor_count":0,"sample":[]},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"sample":[],"anchors":[]},"links":{"html":"https://pith.science/pith/TWUZF3NOAYUONJBX56HT3RU6AN","json":"https://pith.science/pith/TWUZF3NOAYUONJBX56HT3RU6AN.json","graph_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/TWUZF3NOAYUONJBX56HT3RU6AN/graph.json","events_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/TWUZF3NOAYUONJBX56HT3RU6AN/events.json","paper":"https://pith.science/paper/TWUZF3NO"},"agent_actions":{"view_html":"https://pith.science/pith/TWUZF3NOAYUONJBX56HT3RU6AN","download_json":"https://pith.science/pith/TWUZF3NOAYUONJBX56HT3RU6AN.json","view_paper":"https://pith.science/paper/TWUZF3NO","resolve_alias":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/resolve?arxiv=2604.15354&json=true","fetch_graph":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/TWUZF3NOAYUONJBX56HT3RU6AN/graph.json","fetch_events":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/TWUZF3NOAYUONJBX56HT3RU6AN/events.json","actions":{"anchor_timestamp":"https://pith.science/pith/TWUZF3NOAYUONJBX56HT3RU6AN/action/timestamp_anchor","attest_storage":"https://pith.science/pith/TWUZF3NOAYUONJBX56HT3RU6AN/action/storage_attestation","attest_author":"https://pith.science/pith/TWUZF3NOAYUONJBX56HT3RU6AN/action/author_attestation","sign_citation":"https://pith.science/pith/TWUZF3NOAYUONJBX56HT3RU6AN/action/citation_signature","submit_replication":"https://pith.science/pith/TWUZF3NOAYUONJBX56HT3RU6AN/action/replication_record"}},"created_at":"2026-05-22T01:04:02.491228+00:00","updated_at":"2026-05-22T01:04:02.491228+00:00"}