{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2019:TYU53W5ZAXLM7CXGNU42LPAWUJ","short_pith_number":"pith:TYU53W5Z","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1906.05920","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2019-06-13T20:40:33Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"a7c526d3e67214016e98d19798e92a5b8d1eb16746fc5e1fc24ccf4ac80f70b9","abstract_canon_sha256":"7cb6b9e40ec8ff2ded95ac2b4fefc3ee95b02478227768a738c283a451839b01"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"9e29dddbb905d6cf8ae66d39a5bc16a251c45def2f4ba8929343ba00c5475846","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1906.05920","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1906.05920","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:43:20Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1906.05920v1","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:43:20Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1906.05920","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:43:20Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"TYU53W5ZAXLM","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:30Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"TYU53W5ZAXLM7CXG","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:30Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"TYU53W5Z","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:30Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2019:TYU53W5ZAXLM7CXGNU42LPAWUJ","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1906.05920","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2019-06-13T20:40:33Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"a7c526d3e67214016e98d19798e92a5b8d1eb16746fc5e1fc24ccf4ac80f70b9","abstract_canon_sha256":"7cb6b9e40ec8ff2ded95ac2b4fefc3ee95b02478227768a738c283a451839b01"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"9e29dddbb905d6cf8ae66d39a5bc16a251c45def2f4ba8929343ba00c5475846","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-17T23:43:20.328729Z","signature_b64":"19geAEOiE36XXfBCJ7CcbSzA+iWzwpb5F/rmJ06Dghwl2dZW7Q2iqPt85coiHLeXlE+oqt43IITzWXzz6lI8Bw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"9e29dddbb905d6cf8ae66d39a5bc16a251c45def2f4ba8929343ba00c5475846","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-17T23:43:20.328080Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-17T23:43:20.328080Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1906.05920","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-17T23:43:20Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"goBG8P0FHOM/yj7vfrneU4do+wvo+S9lIwnHRiml5nOJr5ejXKrmjUH+USkX6MYdxLzZk5L5lCThJY8xoW60Bw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-08T22:11:41.816976Z"},"content_sha256":"1528a7f7851d33866841b777ea1e17d4a66223df09f9b8d42793c109ee7298f9","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:1528a7f7851d33866841b777ea1e17d4a66223df09f9b8d42793c109ee7298f9"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2019:TYU53W5ZAXLM7CXGNU42LPAWUJ","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"The Caustic Design of the Dark Matter Web","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","authors_text":"Nesar S. Ramachandra, Sergei F. Shandarin","submitted_at":"2019-06-13T20:40:33Z","abstract_excerpt":"Matter density is formally infinite at the location of caustic surfaces, where dark matter sheet folds in phase-space. The caustics separate regions with different number of streams and the volume elements change the parity by turning inside out when passing through the caustic stage. Being measure-zero structures, identification of caustics via matter density fields is usually restricted to fine-grained simulations. Here we employ a generic algorithm to identify caustics directly using the triangulation of the Lagrangian sub-manifold x(q,t) obtained in N-body simulations. In our approach the "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1906.05920","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-17T23:43:20Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"lyM07Lng7fLO7PYNlij07/RSEl+PzN+pyAan/DuBREg7TbYpyccHXSG8xfBYpaj8p5Ff+ThTxJRJ9fsvIKX4BA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-08T22:11:41.817329Z"},"content_sha256":"7d22c519eb27065810fdf56f118976559641ae9c1c1d70421863e42e98d54f18","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:7d22c519eb27065810fdf56f118976559641ae9c1c1d70421863e42e98d54f18"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/TYU53W5ZAXLM7CXGNU42LPAWUJ/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/TYU53W5ZAXLM7CXGNU42LPAWUJ/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/TYU53W5ZAXLM7CXGNU42LPAWUJ/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-08T22:11:41Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/TYU53W5ZAXLM7CXGNU42LPAWUJ","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/TYU53W5ZAXLM7CXGNU42LPAWUJ/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/TYU53W5ZAXLM7CXGNU42LPAWUJ/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/TYU53W5ZAXLM7CXGNU42LPAWUJ/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2019:TYU53W5ZAXLM7CXGNU42LPAWUJ","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"7cb6b9e40ec8ff2ded95ac2b4fefc3ee95b02478227768a738c283a451839b01","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2019-06-13T20:40:33Z","title_canon_sha256":"a7c526d3e67214016e98d19798e92a5b8d1eb16746fc5e1fc24ccf4ac80f70b9"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1906.05920","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1906.05920","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:43:20Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1906.05920v1","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:43:20Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1906.05920","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:43:20Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"TYU53W5ZAXLM","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:30Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"TYU53W5ZAXLM7CXG","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:30Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"TYU53W5Z","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:30Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:7d22c519eb27065810fdf56f118976559641ae9c1c1d70421863e42e98d54f18","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:43:20Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Matter density is formally infinite at the location of caustic surfaces, where dark matter sheet folds in phase-space. The caustics separate regions with different number of streams and the volume elements change the parity by turning inside out when passing through the caustic stage. Being measure-zero structures, identification of caustics via matter density fields is usually restricted to fine-grained simulations. Here we employ a generic algorithm to identify caustics directly using the triangulation of the Lagrangian sub-manifold x(q,t) obtained in N-body simulations. In our approach the ","authors_text":"Nesar S. Ramachandra, Sergei F. Shandarin","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2019-06-13T20:40:33Z","title":"The Caustic Design of the Dark Matter Web"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1906.05920","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:1528a7f7851d33866841b777ea1e17d4a66223df09f9b8d42793c109ee7298f9","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:43:20Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"7cb6b9e40ec8ff2ded95ac2b4fefc3ee95b02478227768a738c283a451839b01","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2019-06-13T20:40:33Z","title_canon_sha256":"a7c526d3e67214016e98d19798e92a5b8d1eb16746fc5e1fc24ccf4ac80f70b9"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1906.05920","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"9e29dddbb905d6cf8ae66d39a5bc16a251c45def2f4ba8929343ba00c5475846","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"9e29dddbb905d6cf8ae66d39a5bc16a251c45def2f4ba8929343ba00c5475846","first_computed_at":"2026-05-17T23:43:20.328080Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-17T23:43:20.328080Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"19geAEOiE36XXfBCJ7CcbSzA+iWzwpb5F/rmJ06Dghwl2dZW7Q2iqPt85coiHLeXlE+oqt43IITzWXzz6lI8Bw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-17T23:43:20.328729Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1906.05920","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:1528a7f7851d33866841b777ea1e17d4a66223df09f9b8d42793c109ee7298f9","sha256:7d22c519eb27065810fdf56f118976559641ae9c1c1d70421863e42e98d54f18"],"state_sha256":"691467b84bc348e442221870cb041f60fd148a82492f188a485a8eb610b21b1f"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"+AzT0rnQOb/7IDq7gKK0PyShsuDZMA9WQOUD6Kfs7I6xpb67BrNAI3/i9hLMxwhjcsZn91zPHNMjWHJaDiwbAw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-08T22:11:41.819134Z","bundle_sha256":"41c645f1972440ebe9a5fe169d123aec34338c32faf5e10bae2a9bb97cc8971e"}}