{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2024:TZ6ZCWUWEYJ2XMXW2K5QDWVXWC","short_pith_number":"pith:TZ6ZCWUW","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2408.04870","kind":"arxiv","version":5},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2024-08-09T05:20:05Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI"],"title_canon_sha256":"62969920f416a4e4dc77feda8d7c5e2ed9337870eb9a2ae9b4a76bfd61035112","abstract_canon_sha256":"7297ee4a3865c028559dd5ede0ae211576e2b810ec6c28578f9b708734202c08"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"9e7d915a962613abb2f6d2bb01dab7b09b404d0ffd09596df74aa901aba5e37c","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2408.04870","version":5},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2408.04870","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:24:17Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2408.04870v5","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:24:17Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2408.04870","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:24:17Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"TZ6ZCWUWEYJ2","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:24:17Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"TZ6ZCWUWEYJ2XMXW","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:24:17Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"TZ6ZCWUW","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:24:17Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2024:TZ6ZCWUWEYJ2XMXW2K5QDWVXWC","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2408.04870","kind":"arxiv","version":5},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2024-08-09T05:20:05Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI"],"title_canon_sha256":"62969920f416a4e4dc77feda8d7c5e2ed9337870eb9a2ae9b4a76bfd61035112","abstract_canon_sha256":"7297ee4a3865c028559dd5ede0ae211576e2b810ec6c28578f9b708734202c08"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"9e7d915a962613abb2f6d2bb01dab7b09b404d0ffd09596df74aa901aba5e37c","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T09:24:17.699860Z","signature_b64":"Ypvofr9fZfhSOFaAU6ZFjsGoNNkUkVjSdyqG9G18N+I4WpUAtIunP10qJh9+h1qluW+g8uqLiYsqJ+uNNsPUBw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"9e7d915a962613abb2f6d2bb01dab7b09b404d0ffd09596df74aa901aba5e37c","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T09:24:17.699380Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T09:24:17.699380Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2408.04870","source_version":5,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T09:24:17Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"XfK0ZEMGdgVooXiI/42LWE4f4GzqKoSaP5TlZ7UkiPpo61fTFzeWYGQBldncltHY3RRKscRDRtcP1zgMhWS4Bw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-06T20:00:38.058418Z"},"content_sha256":"1b0d8495429f2fd7019fc92d507831f499e9c27bab1d3351f219c858eb3ca27f","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:1b0d8495429f2fd7019fc92d507831f499e9c27bab1d3351f219c858eb3ca27f"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2024:TZ6ZCWUWEYJ2XMXW2K5QDWVXWC","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"ConfusedPilot: Confused Deputy Risks in RAG-based LLMs","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.AI"],"primary_cat":"cs.CR","authors_text":"Ayush RoyChowdhury, Mohit Tiwari, Mulong Luo, Prateek Sahu, Sarbartha Banerjee","submitted_at":"2024-08-09T05:20:05Z","abstract_excerpt":"Retrieval augmented generation (RAG) is a process where a large language model (LLM) retrieves useful information from a database and then generates the responses. It is becoming popular in enterprise settings for daily business operations. For example, Copilot for Microsoft 365 has accumulated millions of businesses. However, the security implications of adopting such RAG-based systems are unclear.\n  In this paper, we introduce ConfusedPilot, a class of security vulnerabilities of RAG systems that confuse Copilot and cause integrity and confidentiality violations in its responses. First, we i"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2408.04870","kind":"arxiv","version":5},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2408.04870/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T09:24:17Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"mPyG+JkD5jLFqdYkZUG/3qf2KPggPvVdvR/1RZjoM7FZoH9m9FaL7TRfk2c57aLlnJbc2NnjxFY6ARk/HkZ5DA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-06T20:00:38.058939Z"},"content_sha256":"b6783b3cf8b5bf7624175108616afddac8e916c36842c6a620c9f63fe4a8fb76","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:b6783b3cf8b5bf7624175108616afddac8e916c36842c6a620c9f63fe4a8fb76"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/TZ6ZCWUWEYJ2XMXW2K5QDWVXWC/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/TZ6ZCWUWEYJ2XMXW2K5QDWVXWC/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/TZ6ZCWUWEYJ2XMXW2K5QDWVXWC/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-06T20:00:38Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/TZ6ZCWUWEYJ2XMXW2K5QDWVXWC","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/TZ6ZCWUWEYJ2XMXW2K5QDWVXWC/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/TZ6ZCWUWEYJ2XMXW2K5QDWVXWC/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/TZ6ZCWUWEYJ2XMXW2K5QDWVXWC/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2024:TZ6ZCWUWEYJ2XMXW2K5QDWVXWC","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"7297ee4a3865c028559dd5ede0ae211576e2b810ec6c28578f9b708734202c08","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2024-08-09T05:20:05Z","title_canon_sha256":"62969920f416a4e4dc77feda8d7c5e2ed9337870eb9a2ae9b4a76bfd61035112"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2408.04870","kind":"arxiv","version":5}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2408.04870","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:24:17Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2408.04870v5","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:24:17Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2408.04870","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:24:17Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"TZ6ZCWUWEYJ2","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:24:17Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"TZ6ZCWUWEYJ2XMXW","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:24:17Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"TZ6ZCWUW","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:24:17Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:b6783b3cf8b5bf7624175108616afddac8e916c36842c6a620c9f63fe4a8fb76","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:24:17Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2408.04870/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Retrieval augmented generation (RAG) is a process where a large language model (LLM) retrieves useful information from a database and then generates the responses. It is becoming popular in enterprise settings for daily business operations. For example, Copilot for Microsoft 365 has accumulated millions of businesses. However, the security implications of adopting such RAG-based systems are unclear.\n  In this paper, we introduce ConfusedPilot, a class of security vulnerabilities of RAG systems that confuse Copilot and cause integrity and confidentiality violations in its responses. First, we i","authors_text":"Ayush RoyChowdhury, Mohit Tiwari, Mulong Luo, Prateek Sahu, Sarbartha Banerjee","cross_cats":["cs.AI"],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2024-08-09T05:20:05Z","title":"ConfusedPilot: Confused Deputy Risks in RAG-based LLMs"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2408.04870","kind":"arxiv","version":5},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:1b0d8495429f2fd7019fc92d507831f499e9c27bab1d3351f219c858eb3ca27f","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:24:17Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"7297ee4a3865c028559dd5ede0ae211576e2b810ec6c28578f9b708734202c08","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2024-08-09T05:20:05Z","title_canon_sha256":"62969920f416a4e4dc77feda8d7c5e2ed9337870eb9a2ae9b4a76bfd61035112"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2408.04870","kind":"arxiv","version":5}},"canonical_sha256":"9e7d915a962613abb2f6d2bb01dab7b09b404d0ffd09596df74aa901aba5e37c","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"9e7d915a962613abb2f6d2bb01dab7b09b404d0ffd09596df74aa901aba5e37c","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T09:24:17.699380Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T09:24:17.699380Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"Ypvofr9fZfhSOFaAU6ZFjsGoNNkUkVjSdyqG9G18N+I4WpUAtIunP10qJh9+h1qluW+g8uqLiYsqJ+uNNsPUBw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T09:24:17.699860Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2408.04870","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":5}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:1b0d8495429f2fd7019fc92d507831f499e9c27bab1d3351f219c858eb3ca27f","sha256:b6783b3cf8b5bf7624175108616afddac8e916c36842c6a620c9f63fe4a8fb76"],"state_sha256":"d5bfa7f13e55627379e1630f393f47c9dddf25ad5669ed99294334f4fce2e2d1"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"0YSQE2PQz8paL8ut08WHzKtWECXKVFaNFxWduhn0h7CNVBFadMiEjwSGRZKp3ib7AWiyxIfSuW5B98PVJIDnDA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-06T20:00:38.064360Z","bundle_sha256":"eced175b3d711a1f8ad9171eb1474c439581802b74f97345296ae5d0aa4fc2fa"}}