{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2020:TZJSWV7J2KZ67APMR26XVK73UG","short_pith_number":"pith:TZJSWV7J","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2008.05495","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","submitted_at":"2020-08-12T18:00:36Z","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.SR"],"title_canon_sha256":"b0421624b620eef2b4394ca3107bc4af1fa6ab34ca67e003de921e92e47adbfb","abstract_canon_sha256":"e395ad876eddb1687c54f87bac88afb6f1414d067383b625eb69e0fb9721296a"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"9e532b57e9d2b3ef81ec8ebd7aabfba18231eec2e929debf02af07aa4ad99bce","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2008.05495","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2008.05495","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:39:04Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2008.05495v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:39:04Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2008.05495","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:39:04Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"TZJSWV7J2KZ6","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:39:04Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"TZJSWV7J2KZ67APM","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:39:04Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"TZJSWV7J","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:39:04Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2020:TZJSWV7J2KZ67APMR26XVK73UG","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2008.05495","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","submitted_at":"2020-08-12T18:00:36Z","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.SR"],"title_canon_sha256":"b0421624b620eef2b4394ca3107bc4af1fa6ab34ca67e003de921e92e47adbfb","abstract_canon_sha256":"e395ad876eddb1687c54f87bac88afb6f1414d067383b625eb69e0fb9721296a"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"9e532b57e9d2b3ef81ec8ebd7aabfba18231eec2e929debf02af07aa4ad99bce","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T01:39:04.928829Z","signature_b64":"TkroM4lqh+tWgmT58ieC2dYTkHurFG5R0U24o14f6PFQSheEyZPM/Uofjs62xUQmwhTHkKM3uZYQBCnOzuxQDA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"9e532b57e9d2b3ef81ec8ebd7aabfba18231eec2e929debf02af07aa4ad99bce","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T01:39:04.928472Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T01:39:04.928472Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2008.05495","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T01:39:04Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"PrfQQsrgY77M7Mwn6HGW7tIBzzUYpdd6Gz4Db7LNX62ncYuGbn1KRioFooA3fNGmyYxCDyCbmQy0dFsXSWePDw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-25T08:42:00.695742Z"},"content_sha256":"c34618ab5b23c956881dd270c84ad96b4cbd9ee4d1b791e20f318a1c447638c0","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:c34618ab5b23c956881dd270c84ad96b4cbd9ee4d1b791e20f318a1c447638c0"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2020:TZJSWV7J2KZ67APMR26XVK73UG","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Simulations of early kilonova emission from neutron star mergers","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["astro-ph.SR"],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","authors_text":"Daiji Kato, Gediminas Gaigalas, Kyohei Kawaguchi, Masaomi Tanaka, Smaranika Banerjee","submitted_at":"2020-08-12T18:00:36Z","abstract_excerpt":"We present radiative transfer simulations for blue kilonovae hours after neutron star (NS) mergers by performing detailed opacity calculations for the first time. We calculate atomic structures and opacities of highly ionized elements (up to the tenth ionization) with atomic number Z = 20 - 56. We find that the bound-bound transitions of heavy elements are the dominant source of the opacities in the early phase (t < 1 day after the merger), and that the ions with a half-closed electron shell provide the highest contributions. The Planck mean opacity for lanthanide-free ejecta (with electron fr"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2008.05495","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2008.05495/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T01:39:04Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"0DPD+zzGsq6Eq3sPb21iYzcCMpJZipQWSq6Qe0adzddzVvLz2Ub8wB9D9aiSESzEVLhy1azr4AGhCjCq6snbAg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-25T08:42:00.696110Z"},"content_sha256":"437ed9b3692ebcf442e09bd8b2dd97aec86f57d1c3ab0aa4e22c5a332786a63d","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:437ed9b3692ebcf442e09bd8b2dd97aec86f57d1c3ab0aa4e22c5a332786a63d"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/TZJSWV7J2KZ67APMR26XVK73UG/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/TZJSWV7J2KZ67APMR26XVK73UG/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/TZJSWV7J2KZ67APMR26XVK73UG/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-07-25T08:42:00Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/TZJSWV7J2KZ67APMR26XVK73UG","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/TZJSWV7J2KZ67APMR26XVK73UG/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/TZJSWV7J2KZ67APMR26XVK73UG/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/TZJSWV7J2KZ67APMR26XVK73UG/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2020:TZJSWV7J2KZ67APMR26XVK73UG","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"e395ad876eddb1687c54f87bac88afb6f1414d067383b625eb69e0fb9721296a","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.SR"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","submitted_at":"2020-08-12T18:00:36Z","title_canon_sha256":"b0421624b620eef2b4394ca3107bc4af1fa6ab34ca67e003de921e92e47adbfb"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2008.05495","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2008.05495","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:39:04Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2008.05495v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:39:04Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2008.05495","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:39:04Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"TZJSWV7J2KZ6","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:39:04Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"TZJSWV7J2KZ67APM","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:39:04Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"TZJSWV7J","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:39:04Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:437ed9b3692ebcf442e09bd8b2dd97aec86f57d1c3ab0aa4e22c5a332786a63d","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:39:04Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2008.05495/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We present radiative transfer simulations for blue kilonovae hours after neutron star (NS) mergers by performing detailed opacity calculations for the first time. We calculate atomic structures and opacities of highly ionized elements (up to the tenth ionization) with atomic number Z = 20 - 56. We find that the bound-bound transitions of heavy elements are the dominant source of the opacities in the early phase (t < 1 day after the merger), and that the ions with a half-closed electron shell provide the highest contributions. The Planck mean opacity for lanthanide-free ejecta (with electron fr","authors_text":"Daiji Kato, Gediminas Gaigalas, Kyohei Kawaguchi, Masaomi Tanaka, Smaranika Banerjee","cross_cats":["astro-ph.SR"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","submitted_at":"2020-08-12T18:00:36Z","title":"Simulations of early kilonova emission from neutron star mergers"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2008.05495","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:c34618ab5b23c956881dd270c84ad96b4cbd9ee4d1b791e20f318a1c447638c0","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:39:04Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"e395ad876eddb1687c54f87bac88afb6f1414d067383b625eb69e0fb9721296a","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.SR"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","submitted_at":"2020-08-12T18:00:36Z","title_canon_sha256":"b0421624b620eef2b4394ca3107bc4af1fa6ab34ca67e003de921e92e47adbfb"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2008.05495","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"9e532b57e9d2b3ef81ec8ebd7aabfba18231eec2e929debf02af07aa4ad99bce","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"9e532b57e9d2b3ef81ec8ebd7aabfba18231eec2e929debf02af07aa4ad99bce","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T01:39:04.928472Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T01:39:04.928472Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"TkroM4lqh+tWgmT58ieC2dYTkHurFG5R0U24o14f6PFQSheEyZPM/Uofjs62xUQmwhTHkKM3uZYQBCnOzuxQDA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T01:39:04.928829Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2008.05495","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:c34618ab5b23c956881dd270c84ad96b4cbd9ee4d1b791e20f318a1c447638c0","sha256:437ed9b3692ebcf442e09bd8b2dd97aec86f57d1c3ab0aa4e22c5a332786a63d"],"state_sha256":"05053f1f6b59b0e782641170b685a149399fa83cf4b2c40eb16a4d1af495c572"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"rf3t0VDWa7k9Xmh295YGrACqeVFQKw5Knv6BktgPZXWVxrqJqlVtBHiQc/pY+1ADxPWbKkS8bwyLMIBNy9rJDg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-25T08:42:00.698260Z","bundle_sha256":"a322096a0990109a6e16c53681a2360c4691336dbda2ff351e76c8af44dec7f2"}}