{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2013:TZME2HGCJ7ZVL5I2X3DZ2ONW5O","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"d9ecd2595b47d9c49341d44f792eda3a4b3e8be6a4aec506d1fa23036235e20a","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2013-05-03T23:01:21Z","title_canon_sha256":"7c0d3db8b5a8ff0ba955cb8f7979ce8d0c860f451f0d3b573a274fdd4df73499"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1305.0854","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1305.0854","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:26:31Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1305.0854v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:26:31Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1305.0854","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:26:31Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"TZME2HGCJ7ZV","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"TZME2HGCJ7ZVL5I2","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"TZME2HGC","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:02Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:3325f6d3f701a252fda9e113c6066064923eea895c5d77262e3abd601851e7b3","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:26:31Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Everyone is concerned about the Internet security, yet most traffic is not cryptographically protected. The usual justification is that most attackers are only off-path and cannot intercept traffic; hence, challenge-response mechanisms suffice to ensure authenticity. Usually, the challenges re-use existing `unpredictable' header fields to protect widely-deployed protocols such as TCP and DNS. We argue that this practice may often only give an illusion of security. We present recent off-path TCP injection and DNS poisoning attacks, enabling attackers to circumvent existing challenge-response de","authors_text":"Amir Herzberg, Haya Shulman, Yossi Gilad","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2013-05-03T23:01:21Z","title":"Off-Path Hacking: The Illusion of Challenge-Response Authentication"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1305.0854","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:2b5e3fff8f83e451aab559921bf21ec10ee66b94e150907c76607efb4b9440fa","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:26:31Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"d9ecd2595b47d9c49341d44f792eda3a4b3e8be6a4aec506d1fa23036235e20a","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2013-05-03T23:01:21Z","title_canon_sha256":"7c0d3db8b5a8ff0ba955cb8f7979ce8d0c860f451f0d3b573a274fdd4df73499"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1305.0854","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"9e584d1cc24ff355f51abec79d39b6eb93ed4cd3524ff4282dd1938afa73c3c8","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"9e584d1cc24ff355f51abec79d39b6eb93ed4cd3524ff4282dd1938afa73c3c8","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T03:26:31.532069Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T03:26:31.532069Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"c6LhMw2Fm6JeBBTJSNewX3rSqCq6byACxPYfmRbp7TPl8ysDcftlZIIeeFm8vnX1CW6Shh20vMEsqAyc3xcmDQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T03:26:31.532805Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1305.0854","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:2b5e3fff8f83e451aab559921bf21ec10ee66b94e150907c76607efb4b9440fa","sha256:3325f6d3f701a252fda9e113c6066064923eea895c5d77262e3abd601851e7b3"],"state_sha256":"d9d4fe1fa29e7842e6eb5100719ef40bf8ea0e744fff9b9b5667034a40124afc"}