{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2016:U2WVZKDJO3J234MN3JDTQEEHTC","short_pith_number":"pith:U2WVZKDJ","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1602.05689","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.ed-ph","submitted_at":"2016-02-18T06:37:34Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"c21358d3b59b52a4a1105e7e8e232da847bfd1c458ee832d70ad6bfee37d4e48","abstract_canon_sha256":"3c0a6d735d8d67858c59c9b0ba2d1bec1c53a88d64ce92e19bc012b4708d0a68"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"a6ad5ca86976d3adf18dda4738108798a3d33f604311d0bcaa03c3f886d75f7c","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1602.05689","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1602.05689","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:20:23Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1602.05689v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:20:23Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1602.05689","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:20:23Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"U2WVZKDJO3J2","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"U2WVZKDJO3J234MN","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"U2WVZKDJ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:46Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2016:U2WVZKDJO3J234MN3JDTQEEHTC","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1602.05689","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.ed-ph","submitted_at":"2016-02-18T06:37:34Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"c21358d3b59b52a4a1105e7e8e232da847bfd1c458ee832d70ad6bfee37d4e48","abstract_canon_sha256":"3c0a6d735d8d67858c59c9b0ba2d1bec1c53a88d64ce92e19bc012b4708d0a68"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"a6ad5ca86976d3adf18dda4738108798a3d33f604311d0bcaa03c3f886d75f7c","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:20:23.506034Z","signature_b64":"R8oVJYERjOpPMhOH3xG9zjwoibs8T7qr2jLVq5WvRHjMKImPFXVIUW6EiVdi3njJwtfkChcEgiY8EUJxtFjeCw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"a6ad5ca86976d3adf18dda4738108798a3d33f604311d0bcaa03c3f886d75f7c","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:20:23.505482Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:20:23.505482Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1602.05689","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:20:23Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"PL+PLy3VeEhc+00ae9dOpsAuHnddUFtX37mIIy+bGS2q7yO4/7Tz9SGHB5ed4RjFxsqS++T/seqvBK/q87ZrCw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-01T09:40:46.680503Z"},"content_sha256":"28a35b75ed876917f5d0ad0197e63d7eeb620958265a33c8c310930ed1959b62","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:28a35b75ed876917f5d0ad0197e63d7eeb620958265a33c8c310930ed1959b62"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2016:U2WVZKDJO3J234MN3JDTQEEHTC","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Using Isomorphic Problems to Learn Introductory Physics","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"physics.ed-ph","authors_text":"Chandralekha Singh, Shih-Yin Lin","submitted_at":"2016-02-18T06:37:34Z","abstract_excerpt":"In this study, we examine introductory physics students' ability to perform analogical reasoning between two isomorphic problems which employ the same underlying physics principles but have different surface features. Three hundred and sixty two students from a calculus-based and an algebra-based introductory physics course were given a quiz in the recitation in which they had to first learn from a solved problem provided and take advantage of what they learned from it to solve another problem (which we call the quiz problem) which was isomorphic. Previous research suggests that the multiple-c"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1602.05689","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:20:23Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"W2cIqeA49lmRgNduAOxAeLL0H+RH9TQ+0ySt9/4ksiCP0okKLoSysrPs+3VhkEuzfHFalrtulaaWC53ny7/9CA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-01T09:40:46.680846Z"},"content_sha256":"26c20811ac57b6913623141446815c0f55046f3a1dca9ba24b74c80e8834b451","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:26c20811ac57b6913623141446815c0f55046f3a1dca9ba24b74c80e8834b451"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/U2WVZKDJO3J234MN3JDTQEEHTC/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/U2WVZKDJO3J234MN3JDTQEEHTC/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/U2WVZKDJO3J234MN3JDTQEEHTC/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-01T09:40:46Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/U2WVZKDJO3J234MN3JDTQEEHTC","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/U2WVZKDJO3J234MN3JDTQEEHTC/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/U2WVZKDJO3J234MN3JDTQEEHTC/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/U2WVZKDJO3J234MN3JDTQEEHTC/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2016:U2WVZKDJO3J234MN3JDTQEEHTC","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"3c0a6d735d8d67858c59c9b0ba2d1bec1c53a88d64ce92e19bc012b4708d0a68","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.ed-ph","submitted_at":"2016-02-18T06:37:34Z","title_canon_sha256":"c21358d3b59b52a4a1105e7e8e232da847bfd1c458ee832d70ad6bfee37d4e48"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1602.05689","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1602.05689","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:20:23Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1602.05689v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:20:23Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1602.05689","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:20:23Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"U2WVZKDJO3J2","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"U2WVZKDJO3J234MN","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"U2WVZKDJ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:46Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:26c20811ac57b6913623141446815c0f55046f3a1dca9ba24b74c80e8834b451","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:20:23Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"In this study, we examine introductory physics students' ability to perform analogical reasoning between two isomorphic problems which employ the same underlying physics principles but have different surface features. Three hundred and sixty two students from a calculus-based and an algebra-based introductory physics course were given a quiz in the recitation in which they had to first learn from a solved problem provided and take advantage of what they learned from it to solve another problem (which we call the quiz problem) which was isomorphic. Previous research suggests that the multiple-c","authors_text":"Chandralekha Singh, Shih-Yin Lin","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.ed-ph","submitted_at":"2016-02-18T06:37:34Z","title":"Using Isomorphic Problems to Learn Introductory Physics"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1602.05689","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:28a35b75ed876917f5d0ad0197e63d7eeb620958265a33c8c310930ed1959b62","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:20:23Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"3c0a6d735d8d67858c59c9b0ba2d1bec1c53a88d64ce92e19bc012b4708d0a68","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.ed-ph","submitted_at":"2016-02-18T06:37:34Z","title_canon_sha256":"c21358d3b59b52a4a1105e7e8e232da847bfd1c458ee832d70ad6bfee37d4e48"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1602.05689","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"a6ad5ca86976d3adf18dda4738108798a3d33f604311d0bcaa03c3f886d75f7c","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"a6ad5ca86976d3adf18dda4738108798a3d33f604311d0bcaa03c3f886d75f7c","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:20:23.505482Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:20:23.505482Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"R8oVJYERjOpPMhOH3xG9zjwoibs8T7qr2jLVq5WvRHjMKImPFXVIUW6EiVdi3njJwtfkChcEgiY8EUJxtFjeCw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:20:23.506034Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1602.05689","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:28a35b75ed876917f5d0ad0197e63d7eeb620958265a33c8c310930ed1959b62","sha256:26c20811ac57b6913623141446815c0f55046f3a1dca9ba24b74c80e8834b451"],"state_sha256":"bf619b74d8dea2a5401c2e64207c74f7e590c984dce08a70c79eb9ced3e3c563"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"mramUAQQ6oHv6ZkkTMZ02PQcfsSfOArgVhYT8wEhmM0FHr1e1g44r2BeClfxKMNDjK7U9nmYE+5UHIJhJTpEAA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-01T09:40:46.682767Z","bundle_sha256":"bc2f6d6450a6bf6d18ab2c197e635f2f71eeb51150ef714fe0c4aa2540c77356"}}