{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:1995:U3334Y6KEFWZTILYZF4SEFT3RR","short_pith_number":"pith:U3334Y6K","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"astro-ph/9501009","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"","primary_cat":"astro-ph","submitted_at":"1995-01-04T15:35:46Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"4b80057e41d966bc09f20572a831bd81b4baf9f286e68213ac027402ff40e242","abstract_canon_sha256":"cd9f103c58a2dcfe0c73ca37bb9c304839b3327fee27cd64865341d92ab1d223"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"a6f7be63ca216d99a178c97922167b8c60f9f59732f0569e19d647bad3357c96","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"astro-ph/9501009","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"astro-ph/9501009","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:07:42Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"astro-ph/9501009v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:07:42Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.astro-ph/9501009","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:07:42Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"U3334Y6KEFWZ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"U3334Y6KEFWZTILY","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"U3334Y6K","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:47Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:1995:U3334Y6KEFWZTILYZF4SEFT3RR","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"astro-ph/9501009","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"","primary_cat":"astro-ph","submitted_at":"1995-01-04T15:35:46Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"4b80057e41d966bc09f20572a831bd81b4baf9f286e68213ac027402ff40e242","abstract_canon_sha256":"cd9f103c58a2dcfe0c73ca37bb9c304839b3327fee27cd64865341d92ab1d223"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"a6f7be63ca216d99a178c97922167b8c60f9f59732f0569e19d647bad3357c96","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:07:42.894745Z","signature_b64":"xF18FrmJ1dq00ld0WQkNjZfdNVCgmfQivpp/AGfq+r4QaNhGrU7y5NcjkpaZXC9q/RDBkpmxW1nbaUsOqOrwCQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"a6f7be63ca216d99a178c97922167b8c60f9f59732f0569e19d647bad3357c96","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:07:42.894306Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:07:42.894306Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"astro-ph/9501009","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:07:42Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"ug8zqNPpxyccELWH0cF3z9gJZLv7ywzL6LzVhdcKPboab0tCFIN2lFvjNdH1OmUn+0R0bS8rU3mX6G50A8tYAg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-31T01:38:12.708795Z"},"content_sha256":"998df534c6ace46070497edfe4edfe3e0c1d40d635372a340a2787c40f2f24ff","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:998df534c6ace46070497edfe4edfe3e0c1d40d635372a340a2787c40f2f24ff"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:1995:U3334Y6KEFWZTILYZF4SEFT3RR","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"COSMOLOGICAL ORIGIN OF QUASARS","license":"","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"astro-ph","authors_text":"Abraham Loeb (Harvard Univ.)","submitted_at":"1995-01-04T15:35:46Z","abstract_excerpt":"Quasars are the earliest objects known to exist. We examine their origin in the context of popular models for structure formation in the universe. We show that seeds for quasar black holes could have originated from the initial cosmological collapse of overdense regions with unusually small rotation. Most of these seeds have a mass of order 10^6 solar masses, just above the cosmological Jeans mass. For Cold Dark Matter cosmologies, we find of order one seed black hole per bright galaxy. After the galaxy forms, the seeds inside its bulge sink to the center by dynamical friction. We also describ"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"astro-ph/9501009","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:07:42Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"gcoYZTQ3Q4IaKSQg31wiWw/4Vcg7ApzlYOxHv9DouG2wom9fX/FN1rVASq6h9j04kkYcXYAzaZSyAaqSsVGqBg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-31T01:38:12.709142Z"},"content_sha256":"1f7e23d3efdf57f56e0656fe3c60cb14763ca32846fb808e8187297b671330b8","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:1f7e23d3efdf57f56e0656fe3c60cb14763ca32846fb808e8187297b671330b8"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/U3334Y6KEFWZTILYZF4SEFT3RR/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/U3334Y6KEFWZTILYZF4SEFT3RR/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/U3334Y6KEFWZTILYZF4SEFT3RR/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-31T01:38:12Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/U3334Y6KEFWZTILYZF4SEFT3RR","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/U3334Y6KEFWZTILYZF4SEFT3RR/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/U3334Y6KEFWZTILYZF4SEFT3RR/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/U3334Y6KEFWZTILYZF4SEFT3RR/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:1995:U3334Y6KEFWZTILYZF4SEFT3RR","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"cd9f103c58a2dcfe0c73ca37bb9c304839b3327fee27cd64865341d92ab1d223","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"","primary_cat":"astro-ph","submitted_at":"1995-01-04T15:35:46Z","title_canon_sha256":"4b80057e41d966bc09f20572a831bd81b4baf9f286e68213ac027402ff40e242"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"astro-ph/9501009","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"astro-ph/9501009","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:07:42Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"astro-ph/9501009v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:07:42Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.astro-ph/9501009","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:07:42Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"U3334Y6KEFWZ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"U3334Y6KEFWZTILY","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"U3334Y6K","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:47Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:1f7e23d3efdf57f56e0656fe3c60cb14763ca32846fb808e8187297b671330b8","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:07:42Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Quasars are the earliest objects known to exist. We examine their origin in the context of popular models for structure formation in the universe. We show that seeds for quasar black holes could have originated from the initial cosmological collapse of overdense regions with unusually small rotation. Most of these seeds have a mass of order 10^6 solar masses, just above the cosmological Jeans mass. For Cold Dark Matter cosmologies, we find of order one seed black hole per bright galaxy. After the galaxy forms, the seeds inside its bulge sink to the center by dynamical friction. We also describ","authors_text":"Abraham Loeb (Harvard Univ.)","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"","primary_cat":"astro-ph","submitted_at":"1995-01-04T15:35:46Z","title":"COSMOLOGICAL ORIGIN OF QUASARS"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"astro-ph/9501009","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:998df534c6ace46070497edfe4edfe3e0c1d40d635372a340a2787c40f2f24ff","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:07:42Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"cd9f103c58a2dcfe0c73ca37bb9c304839b3327fee27cd64865341d92ab1d223","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"","primary_cat":"astro-ph","submitted_at":"1995-01-04T15:35:46Z","title_canon_sha256":"4b80057e41d966bc09f20572a831bd81b4baf9f286e68213ac027402ff40e242"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"astro-ph/9501009","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"a6f7be63ca216d99a178c97922167b8c60f9f59732f0569e19d647bad3357c96","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"a6f7be63ca216d99a178c97922167b8c60f9f59732f0569e19d647bad3357c96","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:07:42.894306Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:07:42.894306Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"xF18FrmJ1dq00ld0WQkNjZfdNVCgmfQivpp/AGfq+r4QaNhGrU7y5NcjkpaZXC9q/RDBkpmxW1nbaUsOqOrwCQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:07:42.894745Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"astro-ph/9501009","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:998df534c6ace46070497edfe4edfe3e0c1d40d635372a340a2787c40f2f24ff","sha256:1f7e23d3efdf57f56e0656fe3c60cb14763ca32846fb808e8187297b671330b8"],"state_sha256":"33223c6336ee387dfa1e7e62ec30c8b60b65795dcf0226955234b20be703085c"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"oXGz4C9DOI8XlH+kvdWhdunsbOk8v9t/FfgF+r4uTQkBU4jr9T+NLRjjPSuoiFyzBHH0tuStn8j/rNmjGgX8AQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-31T01:38:12.711233Z","bundle_sha256":"afc9c58b0da1cf7d85112ac3109848a16cfa43862f410b94536c2a8838d66dd9"}}