{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2015:U3AOQPTWYIGC5SARRNDKV7L326","short_pith_number":"pith:U3AOQPTW","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1506.00506","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.SI","submitted_at":"2015-06-01T14:24:57Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CR"],"title_canon_sha256":"f77749928ba5e3cccb40644b7efbc185e540fa2de73bae8abce3128609bf986c","abstract_canon_sha256":"13fd81d97f5657ee1a06f78bc2bf05496fb8d4a455926c44fb878e169d365b64"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"a6c0e83e76c20c2ec8118b46aafd7bd7acace83b9b7120ef053b5b540fb67cfe","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1506.00506","version":3},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1506.00506","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:15:23Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1506.00506v3","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:15:23Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1506.00506","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:15:23Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"U3AOQPTWYIGC","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:44Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"U3AOQPTWYIGC5SAR","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:44Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"U3AOQPTW","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:44Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2015:U3AOQPTWYIGC5SARRNDKV7L326","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1506.00506","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.SI","submitted_at":"2015-06-01T14:24:57Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CR"],"title_canon_sha256":"f77749928ba5e3cccb40644b7efbc185e540fa2de73bae8abce3128609bf986c","abstract_canon_sha256":"13fd81d97f5657ee1a06f78bc2bf05496fb8d4a455926c44fb878e169d365b64"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"a6c0e83e76c20c2ec8118b46aafd7bd7acace83b9b7120ef053b5b540fb67cfe","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:15:23.564417Z","signature_b64":"8Sg15+B+23vv5BkVGAY7vvGEffEsc02a8RB9ZrS8xWRv1GRv+FUDS3FbLxsffL0tSMOV46B1cBMx5EyOTGa9BQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"a6c0e83e76c20c2ec8118b46aafd7bd7acace83b9b7120ef053b5b540fb67cfe","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:15:23.563812Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:15:23.563812Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1506.00506","source_version":3,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:15:23Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"cT1spC+2WKC7br0iOmLhkV2RyPNTbpU7UBJJ9Q/wlJyAKzVY/7/5ON2S6KM3piz1tltMD2ntkWMDDfhc3/j8BQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-05T21:16:18.035302Z"},"content_sha256":"4a38a37b5517f664939fddf5ed4853df159640dc795bd23cef956a2dfd5c72ec","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:4a38a37b5517f664939fddf5ed4853df159640dc795bd23cef956a2dfd5c72ec"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2015:U3AOQPTWYIGC5SARRNDKV7L326","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Combating Fraud in Online Social Networks: Detecting Stealthy Facebook Like Farms","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.CR"],"primary_cat":"cs.SI","authors_text":"Arik Friedman, Emiliano De Cristofaro, Guillaume Jourjon, Lucky Onwuzurike, Mohammad Ali Kaafar, Muhammad Ikram, M. Zubair Shafiq, Shehroze Farooqi","submitted_at":"2015-06-01T14:24:57Z","abstract_excerpt":"As businesses increasingly rely on social networking sites to engage with their customers, it is crucial to understand and counter reputation manipulation activities, including fraudulently boosting the number of Facebook page likes using like farms. To this end, several fraud detection algorithms have been proposed and some deployed by Facebook that use graph co-clustering to distinguish between genuine likes and those generated by farm-controlled profiles. However, as we show in this paper, these tools do not work well with stealthy farms whose users spread likes over longer timespans and li"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1506.00506","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:15:23Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"LEs0Xo7fXW+v95nLQcO/cTEIZG9bABipCHzFf9NLD7Wh4FdMzQ3rkUW/I754/4D2gWW9n3toqzb9XL6maQ0xBA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-05T21:16:18.036013Z"},"content_sha256":"b5f646c666ddcd2a9be902ee2f020b576e96a640718f0b7de1822c81e289a6e5","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:b5f646c666ddcd2a9be902ee2f020b576e96a640718f0b7de1822c81e289a6e5"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/U3AOQPTWYIGC5SARRNDKV7L326/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/U3AOQPTWYIGC5SARRNDKV7L326/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/U3AOQPTWYIGC5SARRNDKV7L326/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-05T21:16:18Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/U3AOQPTWYIGC5SARRNDKV7L326","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/U3AOQPTWYIGC5SARRNDKV7L326/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/U3AOQPTWYIGC5SARRNDKV7L326/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/U3AOQPTWYIGC5SARRNDKV7L326/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2015:U3AOQPTWYIGC5SARRNDKV7L326","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"13fd81d97f5657ee1a06f78bc2bf05496fb8d4a455926c44fb878e169d365b64","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CR"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.SI","submitted_at":"2015-06-01T14:24:57Z","title_canon_sha256":"f77749928ba5e3cccb40644b7efbc185e540fa2de73bae8abce3128609bf986c"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1506.00506","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1506.00506","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:15:23Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1506.00506v3","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:15:23Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1506.00506","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:15:23Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"U3AOQPTWYIGC","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:44Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"U3AOQPTWYIGC5SAR","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:44Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"U3AOQPTW","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:44Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:b5f646c666ddcd2a9be902ee2f020b576e96a640718f0b7de1822c81e289a6e5","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:15:23Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"As businesses increasingly rely on social networking sites to engage with their customers, it is crucial to understand and counter reputation manipulation activities, including fraudulently boosting the number of Facebook page likes using like farms. To this end, several fraud detection algorithms have been proposed and some deployed by Facebook that use graph co-clustering to distinguish between genuine likes and those generated by farm-controlled profiles. However, as we show in this paper, these tools do not work well with stealthy farms whose users spread likes over longer timespans and li","authors_text":"Arik Friedman, Emiliano De Cristofaro, Guillaume Jourjon, Lucky Onwuzurike, Mohammad Ali Kaafar, Muhammad Ikram, M. Zubair Shafiq, Shehroze Farooqi","cross_cats":["cs.CR"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.SI","submitted_at":"2015-06-01T14:24:57Z","title":"Combating Fraud in Online Social Networks: Detecting Stealthy Facebook Like Farms"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1506.00506","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:4a38a37b5517f664939fddf5ed4853df159640dc795bd23cef956a2dfd5c72ec","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:15:23Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"13fd81d97f5657ee1a06f78bc2bf05496fb8d4a455926c44fb878e169d365b64","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CR"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.SI","submitted_at":"2015-06-01T14:24:57Z","title_canon_sha256":"f77749928ba5e3cccb40644b7efbc185e540fa2de73bae8abce3128609bf986c"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1506.00506","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"canonical_sha256":"a6c0e83e76c20c2ec8118b46aafd7bd7acace83b9b7120ef053b5b540fb67cfe","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"a6c0e83e76c20c2ec8118b46aafd7bd7acace83b9b7120ef053b5b540fb67cfe","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:15:23.563812Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:15:23.563812Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"8Sg15+B+23vv5BkVGAY7vvGEffEsc02a8RB9ZrS8xWRv1GRv+FUDS3FbLxsffL0tSMOV46B1cBMx5EyOTGa9BQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:15:23.564417Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1506.00506","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":3}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:4a38a37b5517f664939fddf5ed4853df159640dc795bd23cef956a2dfd5c72ec","sha256:b5f646c666ddcd2a9be902ee2f020b576e96a640718f0b7de1822c81e289a6e5"],"state_sha256":"a3247772abb146f05f0732755251422f70a4d8e33ac8e078124cefc2f69150d5"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"1zN8rtEOuVN1IHm62pothNzdRIrocerUpriW9Pu0dP5X+kFrfrMxSe52EcHly+UlL9It2aoXRYCl4DrtvA45Cg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-05T21:16:18.039881Z","bundle_sha256":"6796fccc1cbcb91e29b3f3605b932eef2beb71043e9c7372d190bba91fd95e4f"}}