{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2017:U4F4GXHQUZNU6JH7OGZ36PBHKS","short_pith_number":"pith:U4F4GXHQ","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1708.02877","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.comp-ph","submitted_at":"2017-08-09T15:25:29Z","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.plasm-ph","physics.space-ph"],"title_canon_sha256":"d1fa315e4d6239781bbd2bb785e8fa1efe8eef8b21397ee22f4ee30319f11184","abstract_canon_sha256":"b5615d9c0db9fccc269c963f694cd9394546c9e600280b6d1d6812e12c7ebdff"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"a70bc35cf0a65b4f24ff71b3bf3c2754ad4ad777f6c2ef73a02741747f8c58a9","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1708.02877","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1708.02877","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:32:05Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1708.02877v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:32:05Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1708.02877","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:32:05Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"U4F4GXHQUZNU","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"U4F4GXHQUZNU6JH7","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"U4F4GXHQ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:46Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2017:U4F4GXHQUZNU6JH7OGZ36PBHKS","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1708.02877","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.comp-ph","submitted_at":"2017-08-09T15:25:29Z","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.plasm-ph","physics.space-ph"],"title_canon_sha256":"d1fa315e4d6239781bbd2bb785e8fa1efe8eef8b21397ee22f4ee30319f11184","abstract_canon_sha256":"b5615d9c0db9fccc269c963f694cd9394546c9e600280b6d1d6812e12c7ebdff"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"a70bc35cf0a65b4f24ff71b3bf3c2754ad4ad777f6c2ef73a02741747f8c58a9","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:32:05.858457Z","signature_b64":"SsmS/Q+DYrb5c+IcnXDogoEdJUKbDbxOzvm4A1Fu7ISGBqJsACZqF7scqkMZ55bmCjt9rbL4tc1nTDSNJUTWAQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"a70bc35cf0a65b4f24ff71b3bf3c2754ad4ad777f6c2ef73a02741747f8c58a9","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:32:05.857966Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:32:05.857966Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1708.02877","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:32:05Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"ckP+u4My4Z9u83mt4nipRaHVgnjudio5EuiTiKSMLtzh3UkDxvKSloHiTn3Sa0A8zh9sRMoOYpgAJzLf69teCQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-09T07:46:47.939307Z"},"content_sha256":"7034167355bac5bd60b53c6326ee60690834ed869096dd6d27f37e082ae700ff","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:7034167355bac5bd60b53c6326ee60690834ed869096dd6d27f37e082ae700ff"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2017:U4F4GXHQUZNU6JH7OGZ36PBHKS","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Two-way coupling of magnetohydrodynamic simulations with embedded particle-in-cell simulations","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["physics.plasm-ph","physics.space-ph"],"primary_cat":"physics.comp-ph","authors_text":"Giovanni Lapenta, Kirit Makwana, Rony Keppens","submitted_at":"2017-08-09T15:25:29Z","abstract_excerpt":"We describe a method for coupling an embedded domain in a magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulation with a particle-in-cell (PIC) method. In this two-way coupling we follow the work of Daldorff et al. in which the PIC domain receives its initial and boundary conditions from MHD variables (MHD to PIC coupling) while the MHD simulation is updated based on the PIC variables (PIC to MHD coupling). This method can be useful for simulating large plasma systems, where kinetic effects captured by particle-in-cell simulations are localized but affect global dynamics. We describe the numerical implementation"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1708.02877","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:32:05Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"SlLyLV4p/Flw0gqV3LRAsnuLjtzKSu/igfKDeo4a/uFnanB+rnoFZ6WUnTN7VKKI26JFDPM3H+EH97ZdmivOAA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-09T07:46:47.940059Z"},"content_sha256":"f23cdc15df311ea810dd9388f8555749b7c9451340c294ad379f0a998fead9c8","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:f23cdc15df311ea810dd9388f8555749b7c9451340c294ad379f0a998fead9c8"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/U4F4GXHQUZNU6JH7OGZ36PBHKS/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/U4F4GXHQUZNU6JH7OGZ36PBHKS/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/U4F4GXHQUZNU6JH7OGZ36PBHKS/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-09T07:46:47Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/U4F4GXHQUZNU6JH7OGZ36PBHKS","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/U4F4GXHQUZNU6JH7OGZ36PBHKS/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/U4F4GXHQUZNU6JH7OGZ36PBHKS/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/U4F4GXHQUZNU6JH7OGZ36PBHKS/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2017:U4F4GXHQUZNU6JH7OGZ36PBHKS","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"b5615d9c0db9fccc269c963f694cd9394546c9e600280b6d1d6812e12c7ebdff","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.plasm-ph","physics.space-ph"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.comp-ph","submitted_at":"2017-08-09T15:25:29Z","title_canon_sha256":"d1fa315e4d6239781bbd2bb785e8fa1efe8eef8b21397ee22f4ee30319f11184"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1708.02877","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1708.02877","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:32:05Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1708.02877v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:32:05Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1708.02877","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:32:05Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"U4F4GXHQUZNU","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"U4F4GXHQUZNU6JH7","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"U4F4GXHQ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:46Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:f23cdc15df311ea810dd9388f8555749b7c9451340c294ad379f0a998fead9c8","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:32:05Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We describe a method for coupling an embedded domain in a magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulation with a particle-in-cell (PIC) method. In this two-way coupling we follow the work of Daldorff et al. in which the PIC domain receives its initial and boundary conditions from MHD variables (MHD to PIC coupling) while the MHD simulation is updated based on the PIC variables (PIC to MHD coupling). This method can be useful for simulating large plasma systems, where kinetic effects captured by particle-in-cell simulations are localized but affect global dynamics. We describe the numerical implementation","authors_text":"Giovanni Lapenta, Kirit Makwana, Rony Keppens","cross_cats":["physics.plasm-ph","physics.space-ph"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.comp-ph","submitted_at":"2017-08-09T15:25:29Z","title":"Two-way coupling of magnetohydrodynamic simulations with embedded particle-in-cell simulations"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1708.02877","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:7034167355bac5bd60b53c6326ee60690834ed869096dd6d27f37e082ae700ff","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:32:05Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"b5615d9c0db9fccc269c963f694cd9394546c9e600280b6d1d6812e12c7ebdff","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.plasm-ph","physics.space-ph"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.comp-ph","submitted_at":"2017-08-09T15:25:29Z","title_canon_sha256":"d1fa315e4d6239781bbd2bb785e8fa1efe8eef8b21397ee22f4ee30319f11184"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1708.02877","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"a70bc35cf0a65b4f24ff71b3bf3c2754ad4ad777f6c2ef73a02741747f8c58a9","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"a70bc35cf0a65b4f24ff71b3bf3c2754ad4ad777f6c2ef73a02741747f8c58a9","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:32:05.857966Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:32:05.857966Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"SsmS/Q+DYrb5c+IcnXDogoEdJUKbDbxOzvm4A1Fu7ISGBqJsACZqF7scqkMZ55bmCjt9rbL4tc1nTDSNJUTWAQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:32:05.858457Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1708.02877","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:7034167355bac5bd60b53c6326ee60690834ed869096dd6d27f37e082ae700ff","sha256:f23cdc15df311ea810dd9388f8555749b7c9451340c294ad379f0a998fead9c8"],"state_sha256":"e10d1c8cdca2d55766d07e94b29dcc609732332448b9082dc43e57b013d58d50"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"bGA/YkHk7lP0fY3cgeAA07nMnPDjI0c3RJFH6BNScNc4aeleJqKR+hdAu5EJmBBNP0LOEBYv63PcqGDRZ5qgCw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-09T07:46:47.944106Z","bundle_sha256":"f234691b02280524d76b05576bb5fd93fe7e29bab1db2a376cbd8c50e01a1934"}}