{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2010:U4IV4MGKNFSKWFYM3UOH34FUMN","short_pith_number":"pith:U4IV4MGK","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1003.4485","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"hep-th","submitted_at":"2010-03-23T18:12:52Z","cross_cats_sorted":["gr-qc","math.CT","math.DG"],"title_canon_sha256":"ab45d37d0b72c7dd0d943655a5520c1f015c6c086f09a37c9ec19eb5c80e7e6b","abstract_canon_sha256":"6ca46767187a93aad74b225cb17d72f19f9aa49b31a6c645df159b434c527354"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"a7115e30ca6964ab170cdd1c7df0b4636af009336915be71b3334a9485aaa74e","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1003.4485","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1003.4485","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:08:23Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1003.4485v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:08:23Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1003.4485","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:08:23Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"U4IV4MGKNFSK","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"U4IV4MGKNFSKWFYM","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"U4IV4MGK","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:15Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2010:U4IV4MGKNFSKWFYM3UOH34FUMN","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1003.4485","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"hep-th","submitted_at":"2010-03-23T18:12:52Z","cross_cats_sorted":["gr-qc","math.CT","math.DG"],"title_canon_sha256":"ab45d37d0b72c7dd0d943655a5520c1f015c6c086f09a37c9ec19eb5c80e7e6b","abstract_canon_sha256":"6ca46767187a93aad74b225cb17d72f19f9aa49b31a6c645df159b434c527354"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"a7115e30ca6964ab170cdd1c7df0b4636af009336915be71b3334a9485aaa74e","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T02:08:23.971658Z","signature_b64":"wg9MQFRuy34n39PxWM39IFFnyXFsAgjvIUztVatmLsE231gZeXWBNUbKVKP0X63TVMKs8CEtMF2OAYJ462erCA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"a7115e30ca6964ab170cdd1c7df0b4636af009336915be71b3334a9485aaa74e","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T02:08:23.970929Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T02:08:23.970929Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1003.4485","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T02:08:23Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"PW/WP/AtW7dt/DIC5+5nMtMdv5j6b5x85tMbvAsFLsYOv4djKWJMHqAFsd4mZLLDXrDpe523J5UMoE5P5PqbBg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-09T01:16:19.032815Z"},"content_sha256":"d54a1975aff3bc9e73288fa3617d453b2b1019cd633cf5f4c6bdb797133db898","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:d54a1975aff3bc9e73288fa3617d453b2b1019cd633cf5f4c6bdb797133db898"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2010:U4IV4MGKNFSKWFYM3UOH34FUMN","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"An Invitation to Higher Gauge Theory","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["gr-qc","math.CT","math.DG"],"primary_cat":"hep-th","authors_text":"John C. Baez, John Huerta","submitted_at":"2010-03-23T18:12:52Z","abstract_excerpt":"In this easy introduction to higher gauge theory, we describe parallel transport for particles and strings in terms of 2-connections on 2-bundles. Just as ordinary gauge theory involves a gauge group, this generalization involves a gauge '2-group'. We focus on 6 examples. First, every abelian Lie group gives a Lie 2-group; the case of U(1) yields the theory of U(1) gerbes, which play an important role in string theory and multisymplectic geometry. Second, every group representation gives a Lie 2-group; the representation of the Lorentz group on 4d Minkowski spacetime gives the Poincar\\'e 2-gro"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1003.4485","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T02:08:23Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"Zwf1tmt65gij+edDrANeDxGzKSHC6/9F1bQzfM75HDYiw2UD8kHO00cfONlb+1rI5b30RxHFL9wBxHueEUIcCw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-09T01:16:19.033537Z"},"content_sha256":"6dfa7d92170caf838180adadf9e2532fdae4711f4b17b16f43437eaf3f72d1d4","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:6dfa7d92170caf838180adadf9e2532fdae4711f4b17b16f43437eaf3f72d1d4"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/U4IV4MGKNFSKWFYM3UOH34FUMN/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/U4IV4MGKNFSKWFYM3UOH34FUMN/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/U4IV4MGKNFSKWFYM3UOH34FUMN/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-09T01:16:19Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/U4IV4MGKNFSKWFYM3UOH34FUMN","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/U4IV4MGKNFSKWFYM3UOH34FUMN/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/U4IV4MGKNFSKWFYM3UOH34FUMN/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/U4IV4MGKNFSKWFYM3UOH34FUMN/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2010:U4IV4MGKNFSKWFYM3UOH34FUMN","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"6ca46767187a93aad74b225cb17d72f19f9aa49b31a6c645df159b434c527354","cross_cats_sorted":["gr-qc","math.CT","math.DG"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"hep-th","submitted_at":"2010-03-23T18:12:52Z","title_canon_sha256":"ab45d37d0b72c7dd0d943655a5520c1f015c6c086f09a37c9ec19eb5c80e7e6b"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1003.4485","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1003.4485","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:08:23Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1003.4485v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:08:23Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1003.4485","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:08:23Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"U4IV4MGKNFSK","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"U4IV4MGKNFSKWFYM","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"U4IV4MGK","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:15Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:6dfa7d92170caf838180adadf9e2532fdae4711f4b17b16f43437eaf3f72d1d4","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:08:23Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"In this easy introduction to higher gauge theory, we describe parallel transport for particles and strings in terms of 2-connections on 2-bundles. Just as ordinary gauge theory involves a gauge group, this generalization involves a gauge '2-group'. We focus on 6 examples. First, every abelian Lie group gives a Lie 2-group; the case of U(1) yields the theory of U(1) gerbes, which play an important role in string theory and multisymplectic geometry. Second, every group representation gives a Lie 2-group; the representation of the Lorentz group on 4d Minkowski spacetime gives the Poincar\\'e 2-gro","authors_text":"John C. Baez, John Huerta","cross_cats":["gr-qc","math.CT","math.DG"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"hep-th","submitted_at":"2010-03-23T18:12:52Z","title":"An Invitation to Higher Gauge Theory"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1003.4485","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:d54a1975aff3bc9e73288fa3617d453b2b1019cd633cf5f4c6bdb797133db898","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:08:23Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"6ca46767187a93aad74b225cb17d72f19f9aa49b31a6c645df159b434c527354","cross_cats_sorted":["gr-qc","math.CT","math.DG"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"hep-th","submitted_at":"2010-03-23T18:12:52Z","title_canon_sha256":"ab45d37d0b72c7dd0d943655a5520c1f015c6c086f09a37c9ec19eb5c80e7e6b"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1003.4485","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"a7115e30ca6964ab170cdd1c7df0b4636af009336915be71b3334a9485aaa74e","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"a7115e30ca6964ab170cdd1c7df0b4636af009336915be71b3334a9485aaa74e","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T02:08:23.970929Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T02:08:23.970929Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"wg9MQFRuy34n39PxWM39IFFnyXFsAgjvIUztVatmLsE231gZeXWBNUbKVKP0X63TVMKs8CEtMF2OAYJ462erCA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T02:08:23.971658Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1003.4485","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:d54a1975aff3bc9e73288fa3617d453b2b1019cd633cf5f4c6bdb797133db898","sha256:6dfa7d92170caf838180adadf9e2532fdae4711f4b17b16f43437eaf3f72d1d4"],"state_sha256":"bef0079c6702f8d63d9eb227cc7afccc6164da6b7dda0a6a3c62b22f847cd611"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"yzbckb4WrAkD5Gkui+K/RHHAkD3BoI3MPaugqFpyIrShmnD7G0UnkGudPgN4RzkBGEpBrfkznI1t8PRt/qeaDw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-09T01:16:19.037772Z","bundle_sha256":"5f0d4c62552e23b4ed24edaa822338e38d4eb66826b63883b942e4e09ae74b70"}}