{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2016:U4UYQX7PO5IZQBGSBY7HZDWVCV","short_pith_number":"pith:U4UYQX7P","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1611.05994","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.SE","submitted_at":"2016-11-18T07:29:37Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"d1a9173f6737a3244c82ee540e900e942453df6c53540ddddeb571efeb9cf4b9","abstract_canon_sha256":"c11b5ed0d3649de379ea868d6dbc66a90fc33ab7b2f15dd2410567b3682693ea"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"a729885fef77519804d20e3e7c8ed515473c799f231c46cb2123f75cee18d720","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1611.05994","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1611.05994","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:57:43Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1611.05994v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:57:43Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1611.05994","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:57:43Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"U4UYQX7PO5IZ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"U4UYQX7PO5IZQBGS","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"U4UYQX7P","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:46Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2016:U4UYQX7PO5IZQBGSBY7HZDWVCV","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1611.05994","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.SE","submitted_at":"2016-11-18T07:29:37Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"d1a9173f6737a3244c82ee540e900e942453df6c53540ddddeb571efeb9cf4b9","abstract_canon_sha256":"c11b5ed0d3649de379ea868d6dbc66a90fc33ab7b2f15dd2410567b3682693ea"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"a729885fef77519804d20e3e7c8ed515473c799f231c46cb2123f75cee18d720","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:57:43.321230Z","signature_b64":"YbPzxLXYAYNN/ityOfnzMKcoQVsefXDJRNCzAoCJKbQ7T1R7wPsSVvzjyc3AHHlIR1ytMoqi/rjznoLIIG4VBw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"a729885fef77519804d20e3e7c8ed515473c799f231c46cb2123f75cee18d720","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:57:43.320541Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:57:43.320541Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1611.05994","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:57:43Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"/JDsdw2EDAGNfXUBVrrFIU37GTilHkUciCpwv2eVwk6I87sbLSL5YOkF22iWNOugz6gYjecb07jA7Tcx5G6wCg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-25T23:13:46.986076Z"},"content_sha256":"682f7e259aad481677612e1a2a1196e8cf76804e3a1cb0e7141c278ebabedd5e","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:682f7e259aad481677612e1a2a1196e8cf76804e3a1cb0e7141c278ebabedd5e"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2016:U4UYQX7PO5IZQBGSBY7HZDWVCV","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"A Dissection of the Test-Driven Development Process: Does It Really Matter to Test-First or to Test-Last?","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.SE","authors_text":"Burak Turhan, Davide Fucci, Hakan Erdogmus, Markku Oivo, Natalia Juristo","submitted_at":"2016-11-18T07:29:37Z","abstract_excerpt":"Background: Test-driven development (TDD) is a technique that repeats short coding cycles interleaved with testing. The developer first writes a unit test for the desired functionality, followed by the necessary production code, and refactors the code. Many empirical studies neglect unique process characteristics related to TDD iterative nature. Aim: We formulate four process characteristic: sequencing, granularity, uniformity, and refactoring effort. We investigate how these characteristics impact quality and productivity in TDD and related variations. Method: We analyzed 82 data points colle"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1611.05994","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:57:43Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"aCzOOgA9mqcxe0PbMS2/1nDaU2v14ZyAOcfyTUiqS5KbEY50ym0ypcfOVHfQ8hxPfAJSEKecZ0XIt8HyBjJ0Cw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-25T23:13:46.986533Z"},"content_sha256":"5601b96dc5e1fc3c2d7bd593b0451dd186a7204b87746396207e40d17e01ff30","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:5601b96dc5e1fc3c2d7bd593b0451dd186a7204b87746396207e40d17e01ff30"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/U4UYQX7PO5IZQBGSBY7HZDWVCV/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/U4UYQX7PO5IZQBGSBY7HZDWVCV/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/U4UYQX7PO5IZQBGSBY7HZDWVCV/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-25T23:13:46Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/U4UYQX7PO5IZQBGSBY7HZDWVCV","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/U4UYQX7PO5IZQBGSBY7HZDWVCV/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/U4UYQX7PO5IZQBGSBY7HZDWVCV/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/U4UYQX7PO5IZQBGSBY7HZDWVCV/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2016:U4UYQX7PO5IZQBGSBY7HZDWVCV","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"c11b5ed0d3649de379ea868d6dbc66a90fc33ab7b2f15dd2410567b3682693ea","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.SE","submitted_at":"2016-11-18T07:29:37Z","title_canon_sha256":"d1a9173f6737a3244c82ee540e900e942453df6c53540ddddeb571efeb9cf4b9"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1611.05994","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1611.05994","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:57:43Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1611.05994v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:57:43Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1611.05994","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:57:43Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"U4UYQX7PO5IZ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"U4UYQX7PO5IZQBGS","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"U4UYQX7P","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:46Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:5601b96dc5e1fc3c2d7bd593b0451dd186a7204b87746396207e40d17e01ff30","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:57:43Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Background: Test-driven development (TDD) is a technique that repeats short coding cycles interleaved with testing. The developer first writes a unit test for the desired functionality, followed by the necessary production code, and refactors the code. Many empirical studies neglect unique process characteristics related to TDD iterative nature. Aim: We formulate four process characteristic: sequencing, granularity, uniformity, and refactoring effort. We investigate how these characteristics impact quality and productivity in TDD and related variations. Method: We analyzed 82 data points colle","authors_text":"Burak Turhan, Davide Fucci, Hakan Erdogmus, Markku Oivo, Natalia Juristo","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.SE","submitted_at":"2016-11-18T07:29:37Z","title":"A Dissection of the Test-Driven Development Process: Does It Really Matter to Test-First or to Test-Last?"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1611.05994","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:682f7e259aad481677612e1a2a1196e8cf76804e3a1cb0e7141c278ebabedd5e","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:57:43Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"c11b5ed0d3649de379ea868d6dbc66a90fc33ab7b2f15dd2410567b3682693ea","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.SE","submitted_at":"2016-11-18T07:29:37Z","title_canon_sha256":"d1a9173f6737a3244c82ee540e900e942453df6c53540ddddeb571efeb9cf4b9"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1611.05994","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"a729885fef77519804d20e3e7c8ed515473c799f231c46cb2123f75cee18d720","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"a729885fef77519804d20e3e7c8ed515473c799f231c46cb2123f75cee18d720","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:57:43.320541Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:57:43.320541Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"YbPzxLXYAYNN/ityOfnzMKcoQVsefXDJRNCzAoCJKbQ7T1R7wPsSVvzjyc3AHHlIR1ytMoqi/rjznoLIIG4VBw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:57:43.321230Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1611.05994","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:682f7e259aad481677612e1a2a1196e8cf76804e3a1cb0e7141c278ebabedd5e","sha256:5601b96dc5e1fc3c2d7bd593b0451dd186a7204b87746396207e40d17e01ff30"],"state_sha256":"dfb94eff6d5348a96810073d538caabf486e2c6c7235de7a72913f030147073f"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"WhyacawC8Gf6XxI1f4OdmugN3ewlIzoEPL5QFmVzGUCPd+oZRIPs8mf2mVhC1r7IUG10OnpPaD7xpHaQrUiBCA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-25T23:13:46.989117Z","bundle_sha256":"89caa7a08938f9134254d6410a64f9fec71f1d2d0cf41ea6104b1c2eda93d8df"}}