{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2017:U5ID35FSO3SXVAPRTFD65RMIIJ","short_pith_number":"pith:U5ID35FS","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1702.06081","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2017-02-20T17:52:14Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"73e173e34b63c9c4ed15dee082c0ddb98fc84e266a62e75fbc72822d988a9629","abstract_canon_sha256":"c555878178b5547eea6f4859a501c5934207d61a6bc2a33fec1e80623fd52bee"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"a7503df4b276e57a81f19947eec588424c7e62a777b4512d814acf43ba44bdb4","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1702.06081","version":3},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1702.06081","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:31:31Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1702.06081v3","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:31:31Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1702.06081","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:31:31Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"U5ID35FSO3SX","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"U5ID35FSO3SXVAPR","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"U5ID35FS","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:46Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2017:U5ID35FSO3SXVAPRTFD65RMIIJ","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1702.06081","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2017-02-20T17:52:14Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"73e173e34b63c9c4ed15dee082c0ddb98fc84e266a62e75fbc72822d988a9629","abstract_canon_sha256":"c555878178b5547eea6f4859a501c5934207d61a6bc2a33fec1e80623fd52bee"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"a7503df4b276e57a81f19947eec588424c7e62a777b4512d814acf43ba44bdb4","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:31:31.331958Z","signature_b64":"WM6i3y6RJpFzHyRRtGiKZMQLd6OY6euDcLJafHkyuN5VMV1UhdDV3t7L7R9XcvGEvsmtcPp+kuTjhGHJLowEDw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"a7503df4b276e57a81f19947eec588424c7e62a777b4512d814acf43ba44bdb4","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:31:31.331340Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:31:31.331340Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1702.06081","source_version":3,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:31:31Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"t90xk+MTdcbT/364utJVI168KIpHrxdOuhzqQHBNKGOjrHrhnpAtAwn+xcS2ZaPW1eIsU6ZVLAFQhsd0KJ/9Dw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-27T03:17:01.318042Z"},"content_sha256":"59a993e85f4cc2e807e335c339f9f01bfdd4b3ef59cec3bc8e5cbc7affcaddf3","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:59a993e85f4cc2e807e335c339f9f01bfdd4b3ef59cec3bc8e5cbc7affcaddf3"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2017:U5ID35FSO3SXVAPRTFD65RMIIJ","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Learning Non-Discriminatory Predictors","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.LG","authors_text":"Blake Woodworth, Mesrob I. Ohannessian, Nathan Srebro, Suriya Gunasekar","submitted_at":"2017-02-20T17:52:14Z","abstract_excerpt":"We consider learning a predictor which is non-discriminatory with respect to a \"protected attribute\" according to the notion of \"equalized odds\" proposed by Hardt et al. [2016]. We study the problem of learning such a non-discriminatory predictor from a finite training set, both statistically and computationally. We show that a post-hoc correction approach, as suggested by Hardt et al, can be highly suboptimal, present a nearly-optimal statistical procedure, argue that the associated computational problem is intractable, and suggest a second moment relaxation of the non-discrimination definiti"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1702.06081","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:31:31Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"q2QF/NsN7JexZXjWRQZisk4In0tl1rXyFKUlbYmBEqRl6IwJlFbg/lYuJkSGxWhY3xulvXBlpHwSfJMdHZkFCA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-27T03:17:01.318745Z"},"content_sha256":"daef7128635e74fe9aace686900a2322d89c22c36a46df26ba5ce84b3fbe6c9d","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:daef7128635e74fe9aace686900a2322d89c22c36a46df26ba5ce84b3fbe6c9d"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/U5ID35FSO3SXVAPRTFD65RMIIJ/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/U5ID35FSO3SXVAPRTFD65RMIIJ/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/U5ID35FSO3SXVAPRTFD65RMIIJ/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-27T03:17:01Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/U5ID35FSO3SXVAPRTFD65RMIIJ","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/U5ID35FSO3SXVAPRTFD65RMIIJ/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/U5ID35FSO3SXVAPRTFD65RMIIJ/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/U5ID35FSO3SXVAPRTFD65RMIIJ/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2017:U5ID35FSO3SXVAPRTFD65RMIIJ","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"c555878178b5547eea6f4859a501c5934207d61a6bc2a33fec1e80623fd52bee","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2017-02-20T17:52:14Z","title_canon_sha256":"73e173e34b63c9c4ed15dee082c0ddb98fc84e266a62e75fbc72822d988a9629"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1702.06081","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1702.06081","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:31:31Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1702.06081v3","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:31:31Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1702.06081","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:31:31Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"U5ID35FSO3SX","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"U5ID35FSO3SXVAPR","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"U5ID35FS","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:46Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:daef7128635e74fe9aace686900a2322d89c22c36a46df26ba5ce84b3fbe6c9d","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:31:31Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We consider learning a predictor which is non-discriminatory with respect to a \"protected attribute\" according to the notion of \"equalized odds\" proposed by Hardt et al. [2016]. We study the problem of learning such a non-discriminatory predictor from a finite training set, both statistically and computationally. We show that a post-hoc correction approach, as suggested by Hardt et al, can be highly suboptimal, present a nearly-optimal statistical procedure, argue that the associated computational problem is intractable, and suggest a second moment relaxation of the non-discrimination definiti","authors_text":"Blake Woodworth, Mesrob I. Ohannessian, Nathan Srebro, Suriya Gunasekar","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2017-02-20T17:52:14Z","title":"Learning Non-Discriminatory Predictors"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1702.06081","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:59a993e85f4cc2e807e335c339f9f01bfdd4b3ef59cec3bc8e5cbc7affcaddf3","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:31:31Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"c555878178b5547eea6f4859a501c5934207d61a6bc2a33fec1e80623fd52bee","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2017-02-20T17:52:14Z","title_canon_sha256":"73e173e34b63c9c4ed15dee082c0ddb98fc84e266a62e75fbc72822d988a9629"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1702.06081","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"canonical_sha256":"a7503df4b276e57a81f19947eec588424c7e62a777b4512d814acf43ba44bdb4","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"a7503df4b276e57a81f19947eec588424c7e62a777b4512d814acf43ba44bdb4","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:31:31.331340Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:31:31.331340Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"WM6i3y6RJpFzHyRRtGiKZMQLd6OY6euDcLJafHkyuN5VMV1UhdDV3t7L7R9XcvGEvsmtcPp+kuTjhGHJLowEDw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:31:31.331958Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1702.06081","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":3}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:59a993e85f4cc2e807e335c339f9f01bfdd4b3ef59cec3bc8e5cbc7affcaddf3","sha256:daef7128635e74fe9aace686900a2322d89c22c36a46df26ba5ce84b3fbe6c9d"],"state_sha256":"0a37ae17e39e8ddca93130f5458b65a4800f3f2ecc8d6e7b8cdbcf8000e1ab74"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"nbZISklronXBCFl4NhJBpd39xur3uplsnxIIvMIzCeTa3WsVZlxiIrB/RrpfFgoiWxc+/BWYSv5nBE8AQJw5AA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-27T03:17:01.322397Z","bundle_sha256":"aa0320150ade497743b22c5cedae40739bd7adb1d79ad872a668b89c7296e5df"}}