{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2012:U5WIFA27XLEX64W6AM6EL6BU6A","short_pith_number":"pith:U5WIFA27","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1209.0745","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.ed-ph","submitted_at":"2012-09-04T19:25:04Z","cross_cats_sorted":["q-bio.OT"],"title_canon_sha256":"d1d824bedc42a6c84572894a6e908ddb79f0b2d98299ce510b94e014c3b0bfd5","abstract_canon_sha256":"bd7d9e73fc06b852b81f69dd814b0a0f7c71c71249bbfc9ed62af9a701eff390"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"a76c82835fbac97f72de033c45f834f00a6c74cc623bfb17d5bba7c4ce885e91","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1209.0745","version":3},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1209.0745","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:32:45Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1209.0745v3","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:32:45Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1209.0745","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:32:45Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"U5WIFA27XLEX","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:23Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"U5WIFA27XLEX64W6","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:23Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"U5WIFA27","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:23Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2012:U5WIFA27XLEX64W6AM6EL6BU6A","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1209.0745","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.ed-ph","submitted_at":"2012-09-04T19:25:04Z","cross_cats_sorted":["q-bio.OT"],"title_canon_sha256":"d1d824bedc42a6c84572894a6e908ddb79f0b2d98299ce510b94e014c3b0bfd5","abstract_canon_sha256":"bd7d9e73fc06b852b81f69dd814b0a0f7c71c71249bbfc9ed62af9a701eff390"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"a76c82835fbac97f72de033c45f834f00a6c74cc623bfb17d5bba7c4ce885e91","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T03:32:45.031626Z","signature_b64":"4KY/oTVncv7FU5x2viFSdrrZDPCRnypWZOnMF5UGrfCBNUpmO1C3GOxCd8/ukxLzghIOGO/+yZCFmwch3JhXCA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"a76c82835fbac97f72de033c45f834f00a6c74cc623bfb17d5bba7c4ce885e91","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T03:32:45.030601Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T03:32:45.030601Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1209.0745","source_version":3,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T03:32:45Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"gNSx6zBDI+RgSTr1oTU/OfTTt80lFXt5lxhVccS+Yb7zjBDYEULQS43EMzh/N9VkouTD1bd3b67xLc+2Fd74AQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-05T21:49:20.247710Z"},"content_sha256":"74d5f9b211dc0836247f9cb3aba0c4a00f7299524d738e89f3ea463fcb0511d1","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:74d5f9b211dc0836247f9cb3aba0c4a00f7299524d738e89f3ea463fcb0511d1"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2012:U5WIFA27XLEX64W6AM6EL6BU6A","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"How can we improve problem-solving in undergraduate biology? Applying lessons from 30 years of physics education research","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["q-bio.OT"],"primary_cat":"physics.ed-ph","authors_text":"Anne-Marie Hoskinson, Jennifer K. Knight, Marcos D. Caballero","submitted_at":"2012-09-04T19:25:04Z","abstract_excerpt":"If students are to successfully grapple with authentic, complex biological problems as scientists and citizens, they need practice solving such problems during their undergraduate years. Physics education researchers have investigated student problem solving for the last three decades. Although physics and biology problems differ in structure and content, the instructional purposes align closely: explaining patterns and processes in the natural world and making predictions about physical and biological systems. In this paper, we discuss how research-supported approaches developed by physics ed"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1209.0745","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T03:32:45Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"A8JjzToAr179HdL2W6sCyoTDd77rg51SR2lQnfaAc1W1gh1Jzg+yXtTouJs2xnEwRt3TC9RkHu20Zhaa6YAdAA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-05T21:49:20.248297Z"},"content_sha256":"7da004816cda736ab409f968da88b56b2c20a76689cdf9e124991db73a308c67","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:7da004816cda736ab409f968da88b56b2c20a76689cdf9e124991db73a308c67"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/U5WIFA27XLEX64W6AM6EL6BU6A/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/U5WIFA27XLEX64W6AM6EL6BU6A/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/U5WIFA27XLEX64W6AM6EL6BU6A/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-05T21:49:20Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/U5WIFA27XLEX64W6AM6EL6BU6A","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/U5WIFA27XLEX64W6AM6EL6BU6A/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/U5WIFA27XLEX64W6AM6EL6BU6A/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/U5WIFA27XLEX64W6AM6EL6BU6A/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2012:U5WIFA27XLEX64W6AM6EL6BU6A","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"bd7d9e73fc06b852b81f69dd814b0a0f7c71c71249bbfc9ed62af9a701eff390","cross_cats_sorted":["q-bio.OT"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.ed-ph","submitted_at":"2012-09-04T19:25:04Z","title_canon_sha256":"d1d824bedc42a6c84572894a6e908ddb79f0b2d98299ce510b94e014c3b0bfd5"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1209.0745","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1209.0745","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:32:45Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1209.0745v3","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:32:45Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1209.0745","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:32:45Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"U5WIFA27XLEX","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:23Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"U5WIFA27XLEX64W6","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:23Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"U5WIFA27","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:23Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:7da004816cda736ab409f968da88b56b2c20a76689cdf9e124991db73a308c67","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:32:45Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"If students are to successfully grapple with authentic, complex biological problems as scientists and citizens, they need practice solving such problems during their undergraduate years. Physics education researchers have investigated student problem solving for the last three decades. Although physics and biology problems differ in structure and content, the instructional purposes align closely: explaining patterns and processes in the natural world and making predictions about physical and biological systems. In this paper, we discuss how research-supported approaches developed by physics ed","authors_text":"Anne-Marie Hoskinson, Jennifer K. Knight, Marcos D. Caballero","cross_cats":["q-bio.OT"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.ed-ph","submitted_at":"2012-09-04T19:25:04Z","title":"How can we improve problem-solving in undergraduate biology? Applying lessons from 30 years of physics education research"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1209.0745","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:74d5f9b211dc0836247f9cb3aba0c4a00f7299524d738e89f3ea463fcb0511d1","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:32:45Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"bd7d9e73fc06b852b81f69dd814b0a0f7c71c71249bbfc9ed62af9a701eff390","cross_cats_sorted":["q-bio.OT"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.ed-ph","submitted_at":"2012-09-04T19:25:04Z","title_canon_sha256":"d1d824bedc42a6c84572894a6e908ddb79f0b2d98299ce510b94e014c3b0bfd5"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1209.0745","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"canonical_sha256":"a76c82835fbac97f72de033c45f834f00a6c74cc623bfb17d5bba7c4ce885e91","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"a76c82835fbac97f72de033c45f834f00a6c74cc623bfb17d5bba7c4ce885e91","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T03:32:45.030601Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T03:32:45.030601Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"4KY/oTVncv7FU5x2viFSdrrZDPCRnypWZOnMF5UGrfCBNUpmO1C3GOxCd8/ukxLzghIOGO/+yZCFmwch3JhXCA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T03:32:45.031626Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1209.0745","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":3}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:74d5f9b211dc0836247f9cb3aba0c4a00f7299524d738e89f3ea463fcb0511d1","sha256:7da004816cda736ab409f968da88b56b2c20a76689cdf9e124991db73a308c67"],"state_sha256":"31790dcf1f54b24c23b4b19458c857dff38d952825f77cd1ef921259462c051d"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"gkm9SpcHBv8wXtrMCbAXFppaBO1mW7j8+baubrSl2YDVfRbigWRqb55nUIJA9BqCzfwuMyYgi4bkb2mLa5uTDg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-05T21:49:20.251826Z","bundle_sha256":"37d505f4b83d7aaa52f137bee601bc247f2804e31a8fdb4b2dc25d5f8e6559fa"}}