{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2012:U777EI6Q32EQJE5SYVFIQLS2GO","short_pith_number":"pith:U777EI6Q","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1203.2400","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2012-03-12T04:18:11Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"b78d0f63f1933dd2772d1fe4001d7a50d0d99e5bb782f645d4600a6146a1712f","abstract_canon_sha256":"9e70bdbfa5c62ff33e0df089681c605f347b622d67c29bd3a9f0b1352f96bd3f"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"a7fff223d0de890493b2c54a882e5a33a53b671b4eafa5f451dc94726581f8e4","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1203.2400","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1203.2400","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:00:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1203.2400v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:00:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1203.2400","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:00:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"U777EI6Q32EQ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:23Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"U777EI6Q32EQJE5S","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:23Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"U777EI6Q","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:23Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2012:U777EI6Q32EQJE5SYVFIQLS2GO","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1203.2400","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2012-03-12T04:18:11Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"b78d0f63f1933dd2772d1fe4001d7a50d0d99e5bb782f645d4600a6146a1712f","abstract_canon_sha256":"9e70bdbfa5c62ff33e0df089681c605f347b622d67c29bd3a9f0b1352f96bd3f"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"a7fff223d0de890493b2c54a882e5a33a53b671b4eafa5f451dc94726581f8e4","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T04:00:25.578424Z","signature_b64":"U7jmjH3Cy/czk5P77KVlvEPT7+R0nwyF+3taC//QXbEdYqBMwNfSXM3LngX1Iw6u+yH6jvTWCmtFqJzFzSNpAg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"a7fff223d0de890493b2c54a882e5a33a53b671b4eafa5f451dc94726581f8e4","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T04:00:25.577769Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T04:00:25.577769Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1203.2400","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T04:00:25Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"0evRIj41ePf+KGgOtNqRZ/w3BK5P0DX5xXSjVYaYznxmeXFUXKZ/Uth1NAPTgxyWmid82/F4jMBTsSLK+EFSAw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-01T04:16:40.163620Z"},"content_sha256":"ff198e631004ba5446182c196151cb9eb89cfdf7f37cdd44416f35d193c7b60d","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:ff198e631004ba5446182c196151cb9eb89cfdf7f37cdd44416f35d193c7b60d"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2012:U777EI6Q32EQJE5SYVFIQLS2GO","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"An ISP Level Solution to Combat DDoS Attacks using Combined Statistical Based Approach","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.CR","authors_text":"B. B. Gupta, Manoj Misra, R. C. Joshi","submitted_at":"2012-03-12T04:18:11Z","abstract_excerpt":"Disruption from service caused by DDoS attacks is an immense threat to Internet today. These attacks can disrupt the availability of Internet services completely, by eating either computational or communication resources through sheer volume of packets sent from distributed locations in a coordinated manner or graceful degradation of network performance by sending attack traffic at low rate. In this paper, we describe a novel framework that deals with the detection of variety of DDoS attacks by monitoring propagation of abrupt traffic changes inside ISP Domain and then characterizes flows that"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1203.2400","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T04:00:25Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"9y9D0eWcgNJi4Rn11jPuDOBe10VSY7uJWEdEBOdvhy5yRS4dI3KQJnrSjdhNENok6AQhYbQiPefz/Xq2Uib8Aw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-01T04:16:40.163988Z"},"content_sha256":"7beedf167c2349ea00710c3671256c35f5132b08fe90da932256b5c91fa0ce67","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:7beedf167c2349ea00710c3671256c35f5132b08fe90da932256b5c91fa0ce67"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/U777EI6Q32EQJE5SYVFIQLS2GO/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/U777EI6Q32EQJE5SYVFIQLS2GO/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/U777EI6Q32EQJE5SYVFIQLS2GO/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-01T04:16:40Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/U777EI6Q32EQJE5SYVFIQLS2GO","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/U777EI6Q32EQJE5SYVFIQLS2GO/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/U777EI6Q32EQJE5SYVFIQLS2GO/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/U777EI6Q32EQJE5SYVFIQLS2GO/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2012:U777EI6Q32EQJE5SYVFIQLS2GO","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"9e70bdbfa5c62ff33e0df089681c605f347b622d67c29bd3a9f0b1352f96bd3f","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2012-03-12T04:18:11Z","title_canon_sha256":"b78d0f63f1933dd2772d1fe4001d7a50d0d99e5bb782f645d4600a6146a1712f"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1203.2400","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1203.2400","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:00:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1203.2400v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:00:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1203.2400","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:00:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"U777EI6Q32EQ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:23Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"U777EI6Q32EQJE5S","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:23Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"U777EI6Q","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:23Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:7beedf167c2349ea00710c3671256c35f5132b08fe90da932256b5c91fa0ce67","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:00:25Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Disruption from service caused by DDoS attacks is an immense threat to Internet today. These attacks can disrupt the availability of Internet services completely, by eating either computational or communication resources through sheer volume of packets sent from distributed locations in a coordinated manner or graceful degradation of network performance by sending attack traffic at low rate. In this paper, we describe a novel framework that deals with the detection of variety of DDoS attacks by monitoring propagation of abrupt traffic changes inside ISP Domain and then characterizes flows that","authors_text":"B. B. Gupta, Manoj Misra, R. C. Joshi","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2012-03-12T04:18:11Z","title":"An ISP Level Solution to Combat DDoS Attacks using Combined Statistical Based Approach"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1203.2400","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:ff198e631004ba5446182c196151cb9eb89cfdf7f37cdd44416f35d193c7b60d","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:00:25Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"9e70bdbfa5c62ff33e0df089681c605f347b622d67c29bd3a9f0b1352f96bd3f","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2012-03-12T04:18:11Z","title_canon_sha256":"b78d0f63f1933dd2772d1fe4001d7a50d0d99e5bb782f645d4600a6146a1712f"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1203.2400","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"a7fff223d0de890493b2c54a882e5a33a53b671b4eafa5f451dc94726581f8e4","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"a7fff223d0de890493b2c54a882e5a33a53b671b4eafa5f451dc94726581f8e4","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T04:00:25.577769Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T04:00:25.577769Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"U7jmjH3Cy/czk5P77KVlvEPT7+R0nwyF+3taC//QXbEdYqBMwNfSXM3LngX1Iw6u+yH6jvTWCmtFqJzFzSNpAg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T04:00:25.578424Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1203.2400","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:ff198e631004ba5446182c196151cb9eb89cfdf7f37cdd44416f35d193c7b60d","sha256:7beedf167c2349ea00710c3671256c35f5132b08fe90da932256b5c91fa0ce67"],"state_sha256":"f34f3e34a2decab9272e65c742e5ffa8dbca16362265a7faec1d6d86e82083c6"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"rrv2UD2psu27kpr/P0M1gwyLGCu217v/MxJ/iO11ijD9X95rbjF+xwUYtgB+eLFuhkmby+9f0VKv4cIRN8ZMDg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-01T04:16:40.166244Z","bundle_sha256":"8fa105f5a77f1a59116e3c92c689060981ab368094147733564cbf0903594baf"}}