{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2015:U7ODBSPFFORE3SQNRDGO427PGV","short_pith_number":"pith:U7ODBSPF","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1502.06364","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.mtrl-sci","submitted_at":"2015-02-23T09:55:06Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"22449159add0390f1316860ed611f66e1dc1eb504c786e58a7b3043f6ac9cfa8","abstract_canon_sha256":"f16acd18a8f03bc4d054e7f17953a6c87bd175b59606eb3da630958a63df0798"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"a7dc30c9e52ba24dca0d88ccee6bef355aacca0a21e2a55f6b491c11d63045e3","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1502.06364","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1502.06364","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:26:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1502.06364v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:26:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1502.06364","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:26:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"U7ODBSPFFORE","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:44Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"U7ODBSPFFORE3SQN","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:44Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"U7ODBSPF","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:44Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2015:U7ODBSPFFORE3SQNRDGO427PGV","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1502.06364","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.mtrl-sci","submitted_at":"2015-02-23T09:55:06Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"22449159add0390f1316860ed611f66e1dc1eb504c786e58a7b3043f6ac9cfa8","abstract_canon_sha256":"f16acd18a8f03bc4d054e7f17953a6c87bd175b59606eb3da630958a63df0798"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"a7dc30c9e52ba24dca0d88ccee6bef355aacca0a21e2a55f6b491c11d63045e3","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T02:26:37.466916Z","signature_b64":"WZfT97GTIP+zlttnBTHxSlw3LbzBFwl586RNo0mN9SIpvcI836cSLn0iGbeBo9RAeGWtvfg42wmkrsILjbbGCw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"a7dc30c9e52ba24dca0d88ccee6bef355aacca0a21e2a55f6b491c11d63045e3","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T02:26:37.466367Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T02:26:37.466367Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1502.06364","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T02:26:37Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"GJeqVeNjm2ulGOVR8RlR+/jImaP/fQFe3o5BxeXSrZazj3ZjIjWDLz+KMEflZtPgdMpd1qH2yjG7DibbelJSBw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-31T19:05:51.292034Z"},"content_sha256":"e0b970da7cd98f57fbb0ef5251649eed07b23b27276609b6bafeb0bf4738513b","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:e0b970da7cd98f57fbb0ef5251649eed07b23b27276609b6bafeb0bf4738513b"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2015:U7ODBSPFFORE3SQNRDGO427PGV","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Creation of high mobility two-dimensional electron gases via strain induced polarization at an otherwise nonpolar complex oxide interface","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cond-mat.mtrl-sci","authors_text":"Dennis V. Christensen, Felix Trier, Han Li, Karl T. S. Thyd\\'en, Nicolas Bovet, Nini Pryds, Poul Norby, Sadegh Yazdi, S{\\o}ren Linderoth, Takeshi Kasama, Wei Zhang, Yunzhong Chen, Zoltan I. Balogh","submitted_at":"2015-02-23T09:55:06Z","abstract_excerpt":"The discovery of two-dimensional electron gases (2DEGs) in SrTiO3-based heterostructures provides new opportunities for nanoelectronics. Herein, we create a new type of oxide 2DEG by the epitaxial-strain-induced polarization at an otherwise nonpolar perovskite-type interface of CaZrO3/SrTiO3. Remarkably, this heterointerface is atomically sharp, and exhibits a high electron mobility exceeding 60,000 cm2V-1s-1 at low temperatures. The 2DEG carrier density exhibits a critical dependence on the film thickness, in good agreement with the polarization induced 2DEG scheme."},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1502.06364","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T02:26:37Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"XXmH9YiOAQunWJRzaZjsGnslsq3WY3N8cE6GuQgCVI84VrBAIhnBBIX9v8C4vZFdQCC+9XCifg8DM1ZC+wuQCg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-31T19:05:51.292778Z"},"content_sha256":"38eb31ff44e8c624b47adc100e60ff0893d302521211c580afe8fc4beeee37f5","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:38eb31ff44e8c624b47adc100e60ff0893d302521211c580afe8fc4beeee37f5"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/U7ODBSPFFORE3SQNRDGO427PGV/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/U7ODBSPFFORE3SQNRDGO427PGV/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/U7ODBSPFFORE3SQNRDGO427PGV/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-31T19:05:51Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/U7ODBSPFFORE3SQNRDGO427PGV","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/U7ODBSPFFORE3SQNRDGO427PGV/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/U7ODBSPFFORE3SQNRDGO427PGV/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/U7ODBSPFFORE3SQNRDGO427PGV/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2015:U7ODBSPFFORE3SQNRDGO427PGV","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"f16acd18a8f03bc4d054e7f17953a6c87bd175b59606eb3da630958a63df0798","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.mtrl-sci","submitted_at":"2015-02-23T09:55:06Z","title_canon_sha256":"22449159add0390f1316860ed611f66e1dc1eb504c786e58a7b3043f6ac9cfa8"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1502.06364","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1502.06364","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:26:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1502.06364v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:26:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1502.06364","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:26:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"U7ODBSPFFORE","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:44Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"U7ODBSPFFORE3SQN","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:44Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"U7ODBSPF","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:44Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:38eb31ff44e8c624b47adc100e60ff0893d302521211c580afe8fc4beeee37f5","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:26:37Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"The discovery of two-dimensional electron gases (2DEGs) in SrTiO3-based heterostructures provides new opportunities for nanoelectronics. Herein, we create a new type of oxide 2DEG by the epitaxial-strain-induced polarization at an otherwise nonpolar perovskite-type interface of CaZrO3/SrTiO3. Remarkably, this heterointerface is atomically sharp, and exhibits a high electron mobility exceeding 60,000 cm2V-1s-1 at low temperatures. The 2DEG carrier density exhibits a critical dependence on the film thickness, in good agreement with the polarization induced 2DEG scheme.","authors_text":"Dennis V. Christensen, Felix Trier, Han Li, Karl T. S. Thyd\\'en, Nicolas Bovet, Nini Pryds, Poul Norby, Sadegh Yazdi, S{\\o}ren Linderoth, Takeshi Kasama, Wei Zhang, Yunzhong Chen, Zoltan I. Balogh","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.mtrl-sci","submitted_at":"2015-02-23T09:55:06Z","title":"Creation of high mobility two-dimensional electron gases via strain induced polarization at an otherwise nonpolar complex oxide interface"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1502.06364","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:e0b970da7cd98f57fbb0ef5251649eed07b23b27276609b6bafeb0bf4738513b","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:26:37Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"f16acd18a8f03bc4d054e7f17953a6c87bd175b59606eb3da630958a63df0798","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.mtrl-sci","submitted_at":"2015-02-23T09:55:06Z","title_canon_sha256":"22449159add0390f1316860ed611f66e1dc1eb504c786e58a7b3043f6ac9cfa8"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1502.06364","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"a7dc30c9e52ba24dca0d88ccee6bef355aacca0a21e2a55f6b491c11d63045e3","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"a7dc30c9e52ba24dca0d88ccee6bef355aacca0a21e2a55f6b491c11d63045e3","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T02:26:37.466367Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T02:26:37.466367Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"WZfT97GTIP+zlttnBTHxSlw3LbzBFwl586RNo0mN9SIpvcI836cSLn0iGbeBo9RAeGWtvfg42wmkrsILjbbGCw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T02:26:37.466916Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1502.06364","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:e0b970da7cd98f57fbb0ef5251649eed07b23b27276609b6bafeb0bf4738513b","sha256:38eb31ff44e8c624b47adc100e60ff0893d302521211c580afe8fc4beeee37f5"],"state_sha256":"9d4cf6412801c51bfbe378c363ed3272d9dcbda6e9019ec1124a62999b4b0fa2"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"Y3TG/JveDmM6MzxGeDk0yh6ZABL1WDCXsnfZYGhkqjR2p0KC2du17h08TN2COaLC2wICzBaKthQEsyAZ4uxaCg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-31T19:05:51.296379Z","bundle_sha256":"0d79a0dae98c359f74ac9c20903ae351a42ba1cbffab37ff96a4c3b0c0f229eb"}}