{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2022:U7WNWP6UF6XTJ4PEE2GD7GHKKV","short_pith_number":"pith:U7WNWP6U","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2208.12610","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CY","submitted_at":"2022-08-17T10:13:17Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI","cs.LG"],"title_canon_sha256":"e41b6d0b051d386b371cc19fb544e5611547ed36992495672aa9853eca04dad9","abstract_canon_sha256":"befdde94b346379f562cae7f46f0a231cbe8a08a35a3027656c25f9705004f49"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"a7ecdb3fd42faf34f1e4268c3f98ea5545913525bc7f77b141976715bea6435d","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2208.12610","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2208.12610","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:53:44Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2208.12610v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:53:44Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2208.12610","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:53:44Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"U7WNWP6UF6XT","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:53:44Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"U7WNWP6UF6XTJ4PE","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:53:44Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"U7WNWP6U","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:53:44Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2022:U7WNWP6UF6XTJ4PEE2GD7GHKKV","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2208.12610","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CY","submitted_at":"2022-08-17T10:13:17Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI","cs.LG"],"title_canon_sha256":"e41b6d0b051d386b371cc19fb544e5611547ed36992495672aa9853eca04dad9","abstract_canon_sha256":"befdde94b346379f562cae7f46f0a231cbe8a08a35a3027656c25f9705004f49"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"a7ecdb3fd42faf34f1e4268c3f98ea5545913525bc7f77b141976715bea6435d","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T04:53:44.317695Z","signature_b64":"m++H/laXGeq/YFnXZzgK6q3QQW3NSBJELcBZLTuxWdVkUu6bswZYV8AKRKQIY738Vw2HbyzxJQ85p5b2RkYlBA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"a7ecdb3fd42faf34f1e4268c3f98ea5545913525bc7f77b141976715bea6435d","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T04:53:44.317149Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T04:53:44.317149Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2208.12610","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T04:53:44Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"VhkVdwkc2OKMRItw58QBgoURJGGNlGMbYqlZXQm3CXQOvbcn1PC+X11PRfCTzG8ImPeWhO72Rj86r5KLrGK+AA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-07T17:08:58.805317Z"},"content_sha256":"c3c5bd3827046532cb358e4e103be96e6570495fbd4977fc20d33c236d90f0d7","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:c3c5bd3827046532cb358e4e103be96e6570495fbd4977fc20d33c236d90f0d7"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2022:U7WNWP6UF6XTJ4PEE2GD7GHKKV","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"NeurIPS Competition Instructions and Guide: Causal Insights for Learning Paths in Education","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.AI","cs.LG"],"primary_cat":"cs.CY","authors_text":"Cheng Zhang, Craig Barton, Digory Smith, Joel Jennings, Nick Pawlowski, Simon Woodhead, Wenbo Gong, Zichao Wang","submitted_at":"2022-08-17T10:13:17Z","abstract_excerpt":"In this competition, participants will address two fundamental causal challenges in machine learning in the context of education using time-series data. The first is to identify the causal relationships between different constructs, where a construct is defined as the smallest element of learning. The second challenge is to predict the impact of learning one construct on the ability to answer questions on other constructs. Addressing these challenges will enable optimisation of students' knowledge acquisition, which can be deployed in a real edtech solution impacting millions of students. Part"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2208.12610","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2208.12610/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T04:53:44Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"sYQiNGe31lhiwYn+GBl3CaXE7mrzAoUO1TIR7EwyJyB6v8KC+waufGONK9F18/1bcEV1YsF5rnZZQTzZqR5XCA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-07T17:08:58.805722Z"},"content_sha256":"9add5c3b0292828a8765d304fc9f97a9a9ed024461adc83fc3fbfd011bfaab10","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:9add5c3b0292828a8765d304fc9f97a9a9ed024461adc83fc3fbfd011bfaab10"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/U7WNWP6UF6XTJ4PEE2GD7GHKKV/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/U7WNWP6UF6XTJ4PEE2GD7GHKKV/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/U7WNWP6UF6XTJ4PEE2GD7GHKKV/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-07T17:08:58Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/U7WNWP6UF6XTJ4PEE2GD7GHKKV","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/U7WNWP6UF6XTJ4PEE2GD7GHKKV/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/U7WNWP6UF6XTJ4PEE2GD7GHKKV/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/U7WNWP6UF6XTJ4PEE2GD7GHKKV/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2022:U7WNWP6UF6XTJ4PEE2GD7GHKKV","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"befdde94b346379f562cae7f46f0a231cbe8a08a35a3027656c25f9705004f49","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI","cs.LG"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CY","submitted_at":"2022-08-17T10:13:17Z","title_canon_sha256":"e41b6d0b051d386b371cc19fb544e5611547ed36992495672aa9853eca04dad9"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2208.12610","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2208.12610","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:53:44Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2208.12610v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:53:44Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2208.12610","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:53:44Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"U7WNWP6UF6XT","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:53:44Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"U7WNWP6UF6XTJ4PE","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:53:44Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"U7WNWP6U","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:53:44Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:9add5c3b0292828a8765d304fc9f97a9a9ed024461adc83fc3fbfd011bfaab10","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:53:44Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2208.12610/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"In this competition, participants will address two fundamental causal challenges in machine learning in the context of education using time-series data. The first is to identify the causal relationships between different constructs, where a construct is defined as the smallest element of learning. The second challenge is to predict the impact of learning one construct on the ability to answer questions on other constructs. Addressing these challenges will enable optimisation of students' knowledge acquisition, which can be deployed in a real edtech solution impacting millions of students. Part","authors_text":"Cheng Zhang, Craig Barton, Digory Smith, Joel Jennings, Nick Pawlowski, Simon Woodhead, Wenbo Gong, Zichao Wang","cross_cats":["cs.AI","cs.LG"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CY","submitted_at":"2022-08-17T10:13:17Z","title":"NeurIPS Competition Instructions and Guide: Causal Insights for Learning Paths in Education"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2208.12610","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:c3c5bd3827046532cb358e4e103be96e6570495fbd4977fc20d33c236d90f0d7","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:53:44Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"befdde94b346379f562cae7f46f0a231cbe8a08a35a3027656c25f9705004f49","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI","cs.LG"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CY","submitted_at":"2022-08-17T10:13:17Z","title_canon_sha256":"e41b6d0b051d386b371cc19fb544e5611547ed36992495672aa9853eca04dad9"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2208.12610","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"a7ecdb3fd42faf34f1e4268c3f98ea5545913525bc7f77b141976715bea6435d","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"a7ecdb3fd42faf34f1e4268c3f98ea5545913525bc7f77b141976715bea6435d","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T04:53:44.317149Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T04:53:44.317149Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"m++H/laXGeq/YFnXZzgK6q3QQW3NSBJELcBZLTuxWdVkUu6bswZYV8AKRKQIY738Vw2HbyzxJQ85p5b2RkYlBA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T04:53:44.317695Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2208.12610","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:c3c5bd3827046532cb358e4e103be96e6570495fbd4977fc20d33c236d90f0d7","sha256:9add5c3b0292828a8765d304fc9f97a9a9ed024461adc83fc3fbfd011bfaab10"],"state_sha256":"1c7cbb0c281eae80bc50900f994f1780006b54d0d5bd747f9cad4c01dd4a633a"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"aUQqFL21iopw/KCcnZtv9+6z+mOQG4p+p/4HzkRo/kkl7j8Cymu/i1T4em/NzRMJjvdlWj7GQ7Wt59naXs86Cw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-07T17:08:58.808410Z","bundle_sha256":"00dbe993cc6cf87eebe9ceab8a8cda928664ef95eb16443940e03c7b637fbd15"}}