{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2025:UCQWCW2BJO3GAFKRNO5TPD56EY","short_pith_number":"pith:UCQWCW2B","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2501.18990","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2025-01-31T09:47:26Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"2dece84198b131ae376fd1357fecfbe65d5dbee4d484c9191f227b23f7e334ca","abstract_canon_sha256":"a73d7d975b6f04f04e285351c2fd512d25dcfbd47a2b3e6190305a5eb1e86c43"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"a0a1615b414bb66015516bbb378fbe262d03ec97260cc618d2850037e46118af","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2501.18990","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2501.18990","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:20:08Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2501.18990v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:20:08Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2501.18990","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:20:08Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"UCQWCW2BJO3G","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:20:08Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"UCQWCW2BJO3GAFKR","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:20:08Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"UCQWCW2B","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:20:08Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2025:UCQWCW2BJO3GAFKRNO5TPD56EY","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2501.18990","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2025-01-31T09:47:26Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"2dece84198b131ae376fd1357fecfbe65d5dbee4d484c9191f227b23f7e334ca","abstract_canon_sha256":"a73d7d975b6f04f04e285351c2fd512d25dcfbd47a2b3e6190305a5eb1e86c43"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"a0a1615b414bb66015516bbb378fbe262d03ec97260cc618d2850037e46118af","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T11:20:08.537307Z","signature_b64":"grP3MmpSkoN6zuiT2+ncDb6tDJFE/YuuewahBlhFeMhCTlGdfJ38ND6NJm7F/OKLn5g5RSM3HpnvnxBFdqQqBg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"a0a1615b414bb66015516bbb378fbe262d03ec97260cc618d2850037e46118af","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T11:20:08.536841Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T11:20:08.536841Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2501.18990","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T11:20:08Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"7FazLSlQnrofDkwZLLMJMsxgm8AopBh6ixX7tGXZ4Ia/MfltbbIPtDCTa748EtIRP6FZTfrk5DCmmKtbAnsJCg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-19T19:52:05.481404Z"},"content_sha256":"fed5c5e9dfbe058e85e32b068ec128ac9f1a5d6a13ff41858ed16c52a32f23b4","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:fed5c5e9dfbe058e85e32b068ec128ac9f1a5d6a13ff41858ed16c52a32f23b4"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2025:UCQWCW2BJO3GAFKRNO5TPD56EY","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Permutation-Based Rank Test in the Presence of Discretization and Application in Causal Discovery with Mixed Data","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.LG","authors_text":"Boyang Sun, Guang-Yuan Hao, Haoyue Dai, Ignavier Ng, Kun Zhang, Peter Spirtes, Shunxing Fan, Xinshuai Dong, Yumou Qiu","submitted_at":"2025-01-31T09:47:26Z","abstract_excerpt":"Recent advances have shown that statistical tests for the rank of cross-covariance matrices play an important role in causal discovery. These rank tests include partial correlation tests as special cases and provide further graphical information about latent variables. Existing rank tests typically assume that all the continuous variables can be perfectly measured, and yet, in practice many variables can only be measured after discretization. For example, in psychometric studies, the continuous level of certain personality dimensions of a person can only be measured after being discretized int"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2501.18990","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2501.18990/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T11:20:08Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"xmcd3lx8zOk2Rw1E9UmqwnDe49BHf6Oss0ZL6ORKKy7kGZs14gNydNopwvAHrFkHPh/X0M5p6bbMi9O4/lEXDA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-19T19:52:05.481928Z"},"content_sha256":"bfb15972bc119108afda69198dc056f0df943e28109ae8a8a24fe1a4c7b4f497","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:bfb15972bc119108afda69198dc056f0df943e28109ae8a8a24fe1a4c7b4f497"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/UCQWCW2BJO3GAFKRNO5TPD56EY/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/UCQWCW2BJO3GAFKRNO5TPD56EY/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/UCQWCW2BJO3GAFKRNO5TPD56EY/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-19T19:52:05Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/UCQWCW2BJO3GAFKRNO5TPD56EY","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/UCQWCW2BJO3GAFKRNO5TPD56EY/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/UCQWCW2BJO3GAFKRNO5TPD56EY/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/UCQWCW2BJO3GAFKRNO5TPD56EY/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2025:UCQWCW2BJO3GAFKRNO5TPD56EY","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"a73d7d975b6f04f04e285351c2fd512d25dcfbd47a2b3e6190305a5eb1e86c43","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2025-01-31T09:47:26Z","title_canon_sha256":"2dece84198b131ae376fd1357fecfbe65d5dbee4d484c9191f227b23f7e334ca"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2501.18990","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2501.18990","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:20:08Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2501.18990v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:20:08Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2501.18990","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:20:08Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"UCQWCW2BJO3G","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:20:08Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"UCQWCW2BJO3GAFKR","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:20:08Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"UCQWCW2B","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:20:08Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:bfb15972bc119108afda69198dc056f0df943e28109ae8a8a24fe1a4c7b4f497","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:20:08Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2501.18990/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Recent advances have shown that statistical tests for the rank of cross-covariance matrices play an important role in causal discovery. These rank tests include partial correlation tests as special cases and provide further graphical information about latent variables. Existing rank tests typically assume that all the continuous variables can be perfectly measured, and yet, in practice many variables can only be measured after discretization. For example, in psychometric studies, the continuous level of certain personality dimensions of a person can only be measured after being discretized int","authors_text":"Boyang Sun, Guang-Yuan Hao, Haoyue Dai, Ignavier Ng, Kun Zhang, Peter Spirtes, Shunxing Fan, Xinshuai Dong, Yumou Qiu","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2025-01-31T09:47:26Z","title":"Permutation-Based Rank Test in the Presence of Discretization and Application in Causal Discovery with Mixed Data"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2501.18990","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:fed5c5e9dfbe058e85e32b068ec128ac9f1a5d6a13ff41858ed16c52a32f23b4","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:20:08Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"a73d7d975b6f04f04e285351c2fd512d25dcfbd47a2b3e6190305a5eb1e86c43","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2025-01-31T09:47:26Z","title_canon_sha256":"2dece84198b131ae376fd1357fecfbe65d5dbee4d484c9191f227b23f7e334ca"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2501.18990","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"a0a1615b414bb66015516bbb378fbe262d03ec97260cc618d2850037e46118af","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"a0a1615b414bb66015516bbb378fbe262d03ec97260cc618d2850037e46118af","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T11:20:08.536841Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T11:20:08.536841Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"grP3MmpSkoN6zuiT2+ncDb6tDJFE/YuuewahBlhFeMhCTlGdfJ38ND6NJm7F/OKLn5g5RSM3HpnvnxBFdqQqBg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T11:20:08.537307Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2501.18990","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:fed5c5e9dfbe058e85e32b068ec128ac9f1a5d6a13ff41858ed16c52a32f23b4","sha256:bfb15972bc119108afda69198dc056f0df943e28109ae8a8a24fe1a4c7b4f497"],"state_sha256":"2321aa8968958f09a0948cf23e694b1bafac8ef3d54bda49031cf258da23821f"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"HIYO9HtEdo4yHjZ4IMBQZs2viThWeGlUf7SQWAlMTrbdvGp+WBD4KBxmElEgNgJy3eQcxSv6ri4yQlkv4VlFBQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-19T19:52:05.486524Z","bundle_sha256":"e8baf1ca44cd96b1f26ca5c8851741dad9ebc2f984e7c12e9974d1bedfba7f3e"}}