{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2021:UEZEKDCUXFY6GIHCE3A5VVVIEK","short_pith_number":"pith:UEZEKDCU","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2109.14466","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.EP","submitted_at":"2021-09-29T14:53:50Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"4b0595368aef479947a974d176047feea462416b4166707f1cb97d327519cce2","abstract_canon_sha256":"4538cbd51d1ab38f296128ef4cd0ef2fd5fe17aaeeef3c12970ab1779479ed6e"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"a132450c54b971e320e226c1dad6a82293f9663b9503a7fb3231525f985fa5d4","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2109.14466","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2109.14466","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:23:51Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2109.14466v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:23:51Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2109.14466","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:23:51Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"UEZEKDCUXFY6","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:23:51Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"UEZEKDCUXFY6GIHC","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:23:51Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"UEZEKDCU","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:23:51Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2021:UEZEKDCUXFY6GIHCE3A5VVVIEK","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2109.14466","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.EP","submitted_at":"2021-09-29T14:53:50Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"4b0595368aef479947a974d176047feea462416b4166707f1cb97d327519cce2","abstract_canon_sha256":"4538cbd51d1ab38f296128ef4cd0ef2fd5fe17aaeeef3c12970ab1779479ed6e"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"a132450c54b971e320e226c1dad6a82293f9663b9503a7fb3231525f985fa5d4","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T03:23:51.241427Z","signature_b64":"6fLaUqsF1/U+fF1li7o0ka/hFuXmcDjhMSZIl544itNyT9KkGQO7srAK995CBza88ExY/h2VzE5dUkE9oi99Cw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"a132450c54b971e320e226c1dad6a82293f9663b9503a7fb3231525f985fa5d4","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T03:23:51.240361Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T03:23:51.240361Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2109.14466","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T03:23:51Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"x4XM9POn0p/39kkMNbb6xwe6n1o3deMath9mAqy38DFkRnFnAERTBAFH4W3ZXsImwy5JpljNMWLt8vgYLG1lCg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-05T09:07:31.454018Z"},"content_sha256":"ef56096052a1c1c50310e06bc2892fb9a51e366f4ce2c8b5550ca0026ffb8bd4","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:ef56096052a1c1c50310e06bc2892fb9a51e366f4ce2c8b5550ca0026ffb8bd4"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2021:UEZEKDCUXFY6GIHCE3A5VVVIEK","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Vertical settling of pebbles in turbulent circumbinary discs and the in situ formation of circumbinary planets","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.EP","authors_text":"Arnaud Pierens, Colin P. McNally, Richard P. Nelson","submitted_at":"2021-09-29T14:53:50Z","abstract_excerpt":"The inner-most regions of circumbinary discs are unstable to a parametric instability whose non-linear evolution is hydrodynamical turbulence. This results in significant particle stirring, impacting on planetary growth processes such as the streaming instability or pebble accretion. In this paper, we present the results of three-dimensional, inviscid global hydrodynamical simulations of circumbinary discs with embedded particles of 1 cm size. Hydrodynamical turbulence develops in the disc, and we examine the effect of the particle back-reaction on vertical dust. We find that higher solid-to-g"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2109.14466","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2109.14466/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T03:23:51Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"TZqlrAqK+HGT3ArOClZwIp6VcmYTKJgfB9K/kNZf/EBBpHhGrBpu6KHt1huu/3IT0fsZsb+LLSrjOUxtE64MCg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-05T09:07:31.454403Z"},"content_sha256":"552d6af57c52a585e155084846ea9bfbfc58c9cc1467f6473f695f1b901106a6","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:552d6af57c52a585e155084846ea9bfbfc58c9cc1467f6473f695f1b901106a6"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/UEZEKDCUXFY6GIHCE3A5VVVIEK/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/UEZEKDCUXFY6GIHCE3A5VVVIEK/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/UEZEKDCUXFY6GIHCE3A5VVVIEK/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-07-05T09:07:31Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/UEZEKDCUXFY6GIHCE3A5VVVIEK","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/UEZEKDCUXFY6GIHCE3A5VVVIEK/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/UEZEKDCUXFY6GIHCE3A5VVVIEK/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/UEZEKDCUXFY6GIHCE3A5VVVIEK/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2021:UEZEKDCUXFY6GIHCE3A5VVVIEK","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"4538cbd51d1ab38f296128ef4cd0ef2fd5fe17aaeeef3c12970ab1779479ed6e","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.EP","submitted_at":"2021-09-29T14:53:50Z","title_canon_sha256":"4b0595368aef479947a974d176047feea462416b4166707f1cb97d327519cce2"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2109.14466","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2109.14466","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:23:51Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2109.14466v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:23:51Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2109.14466","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:23:51Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"UEZEKDCUXFY6","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:23:51Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"UEZEKDCUXFY6GIHC","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:23:51Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"UEZEKDCU","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:23:51Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:552d6af57c52a585e155084846ea9bfbfc58c9cc1467f6473f695f1b901106a6","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:23:51Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2109.14466/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"The inner-most regions of circumbinary discs are unstable to a parametric instability whose non-linear evolution is hydrodynamical turbulence. This results in significant particle stirring, impacting on planetary growth processes such as the streaming instability or pebble accretion. In this paper, we present the results of three-dimensional, inviscid global hydrodynamical simulations of circumbinary discs with embedded particles of 1 cm size. Hydrodynamical turbulence develops in the disc, and we examine the effect of the particle back-reaction on vertical dust. We find that higher solid-to-g","authors_text":"Arnaud Pierens, Colin P. McNally, Richard P. Nelson","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.EP","submitted_at":"2021-09-29T14:53:50Z","title":"Vertical settling of pebbles in turbulent circumbinary discs and the in situ formation of circumbinary planets"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2109.14466","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:ef56096052a1c1c50310e06bc2892fb9a51e366f4ce2c8b5550ca0026ffb8bd4","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:23:51Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"4538cbd51d1ab38f296128ef4cd0ef2fd5fe17aaeeef3c12970ab1779479ed6e","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.EP","submitted_at":"2021-09-29T14:53:50Z","title_canon_sha256":"4b0595368aef479947a974d176047feea462416b4166707f1cb97d327519cce2"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2109.14466","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"a132450c54b971e320e226c1dad6a82293f9663b9503a7fb3231525f985fa5d4","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"a132450c54b971e320e226c1dad6a82293f9663b9503a7fb3231525f985fa5d4","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T03:23:51.240361Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T03:23:51.240361Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"6fLaUqsF1/U+fF1li7o0ka/hFuXmcDjhMSZIl544itNyT9KkGQO7srAK995CBza88ExY/h2VzE5dUkE9oi99Cw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T03:23:51.241427Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2109.14466","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:ef56096052a1c1c50310e06bc2892fb9a51e366f4ce2c8b5550ca0026ffb8bd4","sha256:552d6af57c52a585e155084846ea9bfbfc58c9cc1467f6473f695f1b901106a6"],"state_sha256":"a2b57da80636b7c5c05e9c0bbf7a0cf85c7e6addc300437aef0ea3d395f11b6b"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"VmOILN3F+s3M0zFm52MxDVK7YPdEdFEvLVewmagHmPtenbiZ+k3zgUfMWBFhYGID/imMqyAFB1tIV/2VSoIOAQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-05T09:07:31.456351Z","bundle_sha256":"119e323b1997a637ba88c6f87f6f7a0d2921242718a1547badeaf1224a7f412b"}}