{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2018:UF2VUQJTZFDCPVXD2RDP4JEHYO","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"03e2b15db7868d50fb05b608f927df9c1d080ee54b4d27ddf99d639fe9d8ac9a","cross_cats_sorted":["econ.EM"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"stat.ME","submitted_at":"2018-08-22T20:57:38Z","title_canon_sha256":"5c4e8a5eb8f91265f75586121b24a52d40281bceb492b9643f8a712894c9b5a8"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1808.07563","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1808.07563","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:23:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1808.07563v3","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:23:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1808.07563","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:23:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"UF2VUQJTZFDC","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:23:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"UF2VUQJTZFDCPVXD","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:23:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"UF2VUQJT","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:23:33Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:6e19cb98dbe80dcba4b6233ad4bb7cf259f5b444cffd05319718aeda31cf46ba","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:23:33Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/1808.07563/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Motivated by customer loyalty plans and scholarship programs, we study tie-breaker designs which are hybrids of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and regression discontinuity designs (RDDs). We quantify the statistical efficiency of a tie-breaker design in which a proportion $\\Delta$ of observed subjects are in the RCT. In a two line regression, statistical efficiency increases monotonically with $\\Delta$, so efficiency is maximized by an RCT. We point to additional advantages of tie-breakers versus RDD: for a nonparametric regression the boundary bias is much less severe and for quadratic r","authors_text":"Art B. Owen, Hal Varian","cross_cats":["econ.EM"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"stat.ME","submitted_at":"2018-08-22T20:57:38Z","title":"Optimizing the tie-breaker regression discontinuity design"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1808.07563","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:e7483f841e9f9cd7543d1c48218b41c07405a52ccb4a615ec402fb7a6eb859d0","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:23:33Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"03e2b15db7868d50fb05b608f927df9c1d080ee54b4d27ddf99d639fe9d8ac9a","cross_cats_sorted":["econ.EM"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"stat.ME","submitted_at":"2018-08-22T20:57:38Z","title_canon_sha256":"5c4e8a5eb8f91265f75586121b24a52d40281bceb492b9643f8a712894c9b5a8"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1808.07563","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"canonical_sha256":"a1755a4133c94627d6e3d446fe2487c3959db1b11676051fe32a466b52b956e1","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"a1755a4133c94627d6e3d446fe2487c3959db1b11676051fe32a466b52b956e1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T01:23:33.478063Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T01:23:33.478063Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"dh7fZMlojs1pbaTzDyyw2L4D3bzsPRtFRg+fJOROWyL5rkI31i0S5DfoxRc8iB390dNmLcDMSlocLyYSnVj6BQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T01:23:33.478551Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1808.07563","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":3}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:e7483f841e9f9cd7543d1c48218b41c07405a52ccb4a615ec402fb7a6eb859d0","sha256:6e19cb98dbe80dcba4b6233ad4bb7cf259f5b444cffd05319718aeda31cf46ba"],"state_sha256":"2b00a7d337f47723d7756402fea0eca789080dd28bd7e1c8819d4098e7372753"}