{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2022:UF5JRXDK5OJUDA6L54KXDE5DP2","short_pith_number":"pith:UF5JRXDK","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2205.05443","kind":"arxiv","version":4},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.hist-ph","submitted_at":"2022-05-10T17:01:02Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"66c5341880334f2fbcf44e0fc210a25dc75060ed169812083a11fd01e0a5248f","abstract_canon_sha256":"e47ab4aa6b806b4b6f6d3137b27f889a15cc6caf7f4248d093cb4c45c315db6b"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"a17a98dc6aeb934183cbef157193a37ea2ef271d5e5e30309090448ec3c9ae09","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2205.05443","version":4},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2205.05443","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:21:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2205.05443v4","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:21:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2205.05443","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:21:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"UF5JRXDK5OJU","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:21:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"UF5JRXDK5OJUDA6L","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:21:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"UF5JRXDK","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:21:47Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2022:UF5JRXDK5OJUDA6L54KXDE5DP2","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2205.05443","kind":"arxiv","version":4},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.hist-ph","submitted_at":"2022-05-10T17:01:02Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"66c5341880334f2fbcf44e0fc210a25dc75060ed169812083a11fd01e0a5248f","abstract_canon_sha256":"e47ab4aa6b806b4b6f6d3137b27f889a15cc6caf7f4248d093cb4c45c315db6b"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"a17a98dc6aeb934183cbef157193a37ea2ef271d5e5e30309090448ec3c9ae09","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T06:21:47.003855Z","signature_b64":"ApU2NINiaBdvC3AQeenLYrLA1dK9QdaIFC4kwWXDth2XIFrCrm+Hg2fuopujkNEiIcRPOzhF15S+JAFt03UjCg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"a17a98dc6aeb934183cbef157193a37ea2ef271d5e5e30309090448ec3c9ae09","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T06:21:47.003458Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T06:21:47.003458Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2205.05443","source_version":4,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T06:21:47Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"lCsLtRIYvhYGxy9x7ApFJhzl1L3Ye6wAKG9pmcW6fKJWnH2Sn5DyI9Jesx7LRItPy29LZnL6Y3+RiXej9mPiAg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-12T11:17:26.233704Z"},"content_sha256":"e831fb641c279c05a7afe5d212aaa55294855ed43fcb71c4882e319fe7fe94d6","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:e831fb641c279c05a7afe5d212aaa55294855ed43fcb71c4882e319fe7fe94d6"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2022:UF5JRXDK5OJUDA6L54KXDE5DP2","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Is there a universal concept of mass in fundamental physics?","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"physics.hist-ph","authors_text":"Robert A. Wilson","submitted_at":"2022-05-10T17:01:02Z","abstract_excerpt":"The concept of mass was introduced as a mathematical abstraction and unifying principle in physics by Newton in the 17th century, and calibrated on a Solar System scale by Cavendish at the end of the 18th century. In the 19th century, this concept proved adequate to explain a vast range of physical processes on all scales from the microscopic to the Solar System. But in the 20th century, attempts to extend this range upwards to the galactic scale, and downwards to subatomic particles, have led to increasing difficulties. Modifications to the concept of mass by Einstein and Dirac have not preve"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2205.05443","kind":"arxiv","version":4},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2205.05443/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T06:21:47Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"KStfW2mm8ag+YGUzY1sOP5UTND2k4z0M1jfKcyU4ef/oVOFEI/9I6LjzC+bQU129mjCG50pF0LIA5RRrwMtjCA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-12T11:17:26.234219Z"},"content_sha256":"db4c4ce694933501a3e261c346320f4a115afe58a4fad83c4c83cb582445d388","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:db4c4ce694933501a3e261c346320f4a115afe58a4fad83c4c83cb582445d388"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/UF5JRXDK5OJUDA6L54KXDE5DP2/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/UF5JRXDK5OJUDA6L54KXDE5DP2/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/UF5JRXDK5OJUDA6L54KXDE5DP2/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-12T11:17:26Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/UF5JRXDK5OJUDA6L54KXDE5DP2","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/UF5JRXDK5OJUDA6L54KXDE5DP2/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/UF5JRXDK5OJUDA6L54KXDE5DP2/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/UF5JRXDK5OJUDA6L54KXDE5DP2/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2022:UF5JRXDK5OJUDA6L54KXDE5DP2","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"e47ab4aa6b806b4b6f6d3137b27f889a15cc6caf7f4248d093cb4c45c315db6b","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.hist-ph","submitted_at":"2022-05-10T17:01:02Z","title_canon_sha256":"66c5341880334f2fbcf44e0fc210a25dc75060ed169812083a11fd01e0a5248f"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2205.05443","kind":"arxiv","version":4}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2205.05443","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:21:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2205.05443v4","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:21:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2205.05443","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:21:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"UF5JRXDK5OJU","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:21:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"UF5JRXDK5OJUDA6L","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:21:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"UF5JRXDK","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:21:47Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:db4c4ce694933501a3e261c346320f4a115afe58a4fad83c4c83cb582445d388","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:21:47Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2205.05443/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"The concept of mass was introduced as a mathematical abstraction and unifying principle in physics by Newton in the 17th century, and calibrated on a Solar System scale by Cavendish at the end of the 18th century. In the 19th century, this concept proved adequate to explain a vast range of physical processes on all scales from the microscopic to the Solar System. But in the 20th century, attempts to extend this range upwards to the galactic scale, and downwards to subatomic particles, have led to increasing difficulties. Modifications to the concept of mass by Einstein and Dirac have not preve","authors_text":"Robert A. Wilson","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.hist-ph","submitted_at":"2022-05-10T17:01:02Z","title":"Is there a universal concept of mass in fundamental physics?"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2205.05443","kind":"arxiv","version":4},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:e831fb641c279c05a7afe5d212aaa55294855ed43fcb71c4882e319fe7fe94d6","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:21:47Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"e47ab4aa6b806b4b6f6d3137b27f889a15cc6caf7f4248d093cb4c45c315db6b","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.hist-ph","submitted_at":"2022-05-10T17:01:02Z","title_canon_sha256":"66c5341880334f2fbcf44e0fc210a25dc75060ed169812083a11fd01e0a5248f"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2205.05443","kind":"arxiv","version":4}},"canonical_sha256":"a17a98dc6aeb934183cbef157193a37ea2ef271d5e5e30309090448ec3c9ae09","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"a17a98dc6aeb934183cbef157193a37ea2ef271d5e5e30309090448ec3c9ae09","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T06:21:47.003458Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T06:21:47.003458Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"ApU2NINiaBdvC3AQeenLYrLA1dK9QdaIFC4kwWXDth2XIFrCrm+Hg2fuopujkNEiIcRPOzhF15S+JAFt03UjCg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T06:21:47.003855Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2205.05443","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":4}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:e831fb641c279c05a7afe5d212aaa55294855ed43fcb71c4882e319fe7fe94d6","sha256:db4c4ce694933501a3e261c346320f4a115afe58a4fad83c4c83cb582445d388"],"state_sha256":"83045062098336b715ceae6537dc6a4f0f44f53005b74cbc72d7410dee9dba2e"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"pl75xGI3yU5LkA1m2lPFjxdoQknSaf/iyPOuqI4pO7j2xUlKMjx9QT2K5txevKQREfTnEQM5o5RnK6nheD+PAQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-12T11:17:26.239199Z","bundle_sha256":"0efd9fa2eb4e44aec6f548b513a6a0cf6ab93455891d101a9ef9da52b34a70e8"}}