{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2014:UGXNFU4FREZAM2JHGXFYMBVJEK","short_pith_number":"pith:UGXNFU4F","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1403.3364","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.soft","submitted_at":"2014-03-13T18:50:40Z","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.flu-dyn"],"title_canon_sha256":"4bf208376d01994b16deea5e2a44fad862df1a461f6322c49699fba775d2e42b","abstract_canon_sha256":"4188a46d31acb98a25f40709f379bcc6c272fcef7287542cd3bb63e5c5a4c453"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"a1aed2d385893206692735cb8606a92291cea4c27e2a0ad52839c0aaab14c10a","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1403.3364","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1403.3364","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:39:08Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1403.3364v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:39:08Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1403.3364","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:39:08Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"UGXNFU4FREZA","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"UGXNFU4FREZAM2JH","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"UGXNFU4F","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:52Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2014:UGXNFU4FREZAM2JHGXFYMBVJEK","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1403.3364","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.soft","submitted_at":"2014-03-13T18:50:40Z","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.flu-dyn"],"title_canon_sha256":"4bf208376d01994b16deea5e2a44fad862df1a461f6322c49699fba775d2e42b","abstract_canon_sha256":"4188a46d31acb98a25f40709f379bcc6c272fcef7287542cd3bb63e5c5a4c453"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"a1aed2d385893206692735cb8606a92291cea4c27e2a0ad52839c0aaab14c10a","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T02:39:08.842218Z","signature_b64":"WlcxGg/bUWVuJ1Kfc6Oq7VSm4elBNNoWGask9EiMDv85Z9GvDC3Y6SJn44g2GUFxy2Cdv3MmyzbRXAE07gOxDQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"a1aed2d385893206692735cb8606a92291cea4c27e2a0ad52839c0aaab14c10a","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T02:39:08.841665Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T02:39:08.841665Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1403.3364","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T02:39:08Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"ng2URwSGWPVlpzD0N1F2l6U9usdIUtRiL7LedqHw14QHVg/lnVUDLE0o5aelGyzyRJbjFrFSIFZlclRHWN+7Dw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-07T09:04:37.807882Z"},"content_sha256":"826d1100a54cc7fddadd998a5fbbd7567bbfd960bf3f06527e8a8204a1a64d59","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:826d1100a54cc7fddadd998a5fbbd7567bbfd960bf3f06527e8a8204a1a64d59"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2014:UGXNFU4FREZAM2JHGXFYMBVJEK","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Kinetics of Gravity-Driven Water Channels Under Steady Rainfall","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["physics.flu-dyn"],"primary_cat":"cond-mat.soft","authors_text":"Cesare M. Cejas, Christian Fretigny, Douglas J. Durian, Remi Barrois, Remi Dreyfus, Yuli Wei","submitted_at":"2014-03-13T18:50:40Z","abstract_excerpt":"We investigate the formation of fingered flow in dry granular media under simulated rainfall using a quasi-2D experimental set-up composed of a random close packing of mono-disperse glass beads. Using controlled experiments, we analyze the finger instabilities that develop from the wetting front as a function of fundamental granular (particle size) and fluid properties (rainfall, viscosity).These finger instabilities act as precursors for water channels, which serve as outlets for water drainage. We look into the characteristics of the homogeneous wetting front and channel size as well as esti"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1403.3364","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T02:39:08Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"MO4LB+VLoT3idwe89s+6WABCyR+4uD4+tCvD8Bj74JIwCxUBte0VhMRlZVC+Yid722pwx05KwPJttY+qKYrkDw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-07T09:04:37.808538Z"},"content_sha256":"fb2b14fb399b70d62e0e5b60e955f5167087f3e65c7dadab1553b10ed0719835","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:fb2b14fb399b70d62e0e5b60e955f5167087f3e65c7dadab1553b10ed0719835"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/UGXNFU4FREZAM2JHGXFYMBVJEK/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/UGXNFU4FREZAM2JHGXFYMBVJEK/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/UGXNFU4FREZAM2JHGXFYMBVJEK/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-07T09:04:37Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/UGXNFU4FREZAM2JHGXFYMBVJEK","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/UGXNFU4FREZAM2JHGXFYMBVJEK/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/UGXNFU4FREZAM2JHGXFYMBVJEK/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/UGXNFU4FREZAM2JHGXFYMBVJEK/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2014:UGXNFU4FREZAM2JHGXFYMBVJEK","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"4188a46d31acb98a25f40709f379bcc6c272fcef7287542cd3bb63e5c5a4c453","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.flu-dyn"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.soft","submitted_at":"2014-03-13T18:50:40Z","title_canon_sha256":"4bf208376d01994b16deea5e2a44fad862df1a461f6322c49699fba775d2e42b"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1403.3364","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1403.3364","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:39:08Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1403.3364v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:39:08Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1403.3364","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:39:08Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"UGXNFU4FREZA","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"UGXNFU4FREZAM2JH","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"UGXNFU4F","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:52Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:fb2b14fb399b70d62e0e5b60e955f5167087f3e65c7dadab1553b10ed0719835","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:39:08Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We investigate the formation of fingered flow in dry granular media under simulated rainfall using a quasi-2D experimental set-up composed of a random close packing of mono-disperse glass beads. Using controlled experiments, we analyze the finger instabilities that develop from the wetting front as a function of fundamental granular (particle size) and fluid properties (rainfall, viscosity).These finger instabilities act as precursors for water channels, which serve as outlets for water drainage. We look into the characteristics of the homogeneous wetting front and channel size as well as esti","authors_text":"Cesare M. Cejas, Christian Fretigny, Douglas J. Durian, Remi Barrois, Remi Dreyfus, Yuli Wei","cross_cats":["physics.flu-dyn"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.soft","submitted_at":"2014-03-13T18:50:40Z","title":"Kinetics of Gravity-Driven Water Channels Under Steady Rainfall"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1403.3364","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:826d1100a54cc7fddadd998a5fbbd7567bbfd960bf3f06527e8a8204a1a64d59","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:39:08Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"4188a46d31acb98a25f40709f379bcc6c272fcef7287542cd3bb63e5c5a4c453","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.flu-dyn"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.soft","submitted_at":"2014-03-13T18:50:40Z","title_canon_sha256":"4bf208376d01994b16deea5e2a44fad862df1a461f6322c49699fba775d2e42b"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1403.3364","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"a1aed2d385893206692735cb8606a92291cea4c27e2a0ad52839c0aaab14c10a","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"a1aed2d385893206692735cb8606a92291cea4c27e2a0ad52839c0aaab14c10a","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T02:39:08.841665Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T02:39:08.841665Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"WlcxGg/bUWVuJ1Kfc6Oq7VSm4elBNNoWGask9EiMDv85Z9GvDC3Y6SJn44g2GUFxy2Cdv3MmyzbRXAE07gOxDQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T02:39:08.842218Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1403.3364","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:826d1100a54cc7fddadd998a5fbbd7567bbfd960bf3f06527e8a8204a1a64d59","sha256:fb2b14fb399b70d62e0e5b60e955f5167087f3e65c7dadab1553b10ed0719835"],"state_sha256":"38ebaa0e16fa34ee0f240b268c63f387adedb7ecfec677634eae286caa960c68"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"6m2syVFsQpWJqdg6mLnqgdBGcHk8AL2ZCPWWFqKO1arCsYYXfFukFNK5xvCoAn4mPeo/u6wlZE53UX1scmmOBA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-07T09:04:37.811787Z","bundle_sha256":"62da5320fc3050e1526d5ce76587ab51678b6254f9449e02c9ea63484ac93be4"}}